Study finds lower obesity-related cancer risk in diabetics taking GLP-1s

2024-07-05

临床结果

A new study published Friday in JAMA Network Open suggests that GLP-1 receptor agonists, so far approved to treat diabetes and obesity, may have an additional benefit – reducing the risk of certain obesity-associated cancers (OACs).

The research adds to the growing body of evidence suggesting that GLP-1s, which include popular drugs like Novo Nordisk's semaglutide – marketed as Ozempic for diabetes and Wegovy for obesity – may offer benefits beyond glycaemic control and weight management. Uses in cardiovascular and kidney disease are already taking shape. See – Spotlight On: Novo's SELECT data continues to reshape GLP-1 expectations.

"Because of their efficacy in controlling type 2 diabetes, obesity, and related comorbidities, we hypothesised that these agents might reduce the risk of the OACs," the JAMA authors wrote.

The large-scale retrospective cohort study examined electronic health records from 113 million US patients over a period from 2005 to 2018. The analysis included data from over 1.6 million patients with type 2 diabetes who had no prior diagnosis of obesity-associated cancers and who had been prescribed GLP-1s, insulins or metformin.

Lower risk on 10 of 13 cancers

Researchers found that those treated with GLP-1 drugs had a significantly lower risk of developing 10 out of 13 obesity-associated cancers compared to patients treated with insulin.

These included gallbladder cancer (65% reduction), meningioma (63% reduction), pancreatic cancer (59% reduction), hepatocellular carcinoma (53% reduction), ovarian cancer (48% reduction), colorectal cancer (46% reduction), multiple myeloma (41% reduction), oesophageal cancer (40% reduction), endometrial cancer (26% reduction), and kidney cancer (24% reduction).

There was also a lower risk for stomach cancer, although this did not reach statistical significance. Further, no statistically significant risk reduction was found for thyroid cancer or postmenopausal breast cancer.

Meanwhile, when compared to metformin, GLP-1 drugs did not show a statistically significant decrease in cancer risk for most types, but were associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer.

"The potential cancer-preventative effects of OACs by GLP-1 receptor agonists warrant further long-term studies as well as studies of individual newer and possibly more effective antidiabetic and weight loss agents as well as those with multihormone agonist activities," the study authors concluded. Eli Lilly's tirzepatide (Mounjaro/Zepbound), for example, targets both GLP-1 and GIP.

"Studies are also warranted to evaluate the preventive effects of these agents on non-OACs," they added.

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