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大多数乳腺癌为雌激素受体阳性,需要长期内分泌治疗,包括芳香化酶抑制剂、选择性雌激素受体调节剂、选择性雌激素受体降解剂。对于雌激素受体阳性HER2阴性晚期乳腺癌,全球标准一线治疗方案通常采用CDK4/6抑制剂联合内分泌治疗。不过,对于CDK4/6抑制剂一线治疗期间出现疾病进展或复发患者,有效治疗选择仍然有限,且后续内分泌疗效往往不持久。CDK4/6抑制剂和内分泌治疗耐药关键机制包括PI3K-AKT-mTOR信号通路异常以及雌激素受体基因ESR1突变。ESR1突变主要在芳香化酶抑制剂用药后发生。对于CDK4/6抑制剂联合内分泌治疗后疾病进展患者,大约40%存在继发ESR1突变。口服mTOR信号通路抑制剂依维莫司是雌激素受体阳性HER2阴性晚期乳腺癌患者一线治疗后联合内分泌治疗(如依西美坦、氟维司群或他莫昔芬)标准治疗方案之一。氟维司群是首个选择性雌激素受体降解剂,对雌激素受体阳性乳腺癌有效,尤其ESR1突变患者,但是口服无效,需要肌肉注射,给长期内分泌治疗带来不便。近年来,口服有效的选择性雌激素受体降解剂不断问世,可惜三期临床研究大多折戟。吉雷司群是罗氏旗下基因泰克研发的新一代口服选择性雌激素受体降解剂和全部雌激素受体拮抗剂,可同时靶向雌激素依赖性和雌激素非依赖性受体活性,而芳香化酶抑制剂仅靶向雌激素依赖性受体活性。吉雷司群可强效抑制雌激素受体活性,且不受雌激素受体突变状态的影响,细胞活力检测显示其效力优于氟维司群和其他新型口服选择性雌激素受体降解剂。虽然二期临床研究acelERA证实吉雷司群未能改善晚期乳腺癌患者无进展生存,但是吉雷司群对大多数关键亚组的治疗效果一致,并且ESR1突变患者(占38.8%)有获益趋势,故有必要进一步开展三期临床研究进行验证。
2026年9月30日,国际四大医学期刊之一美国麻省医学会官方期刊《新英格兰医学杂志》在线发表美国、西班牙、意大利、德国、日本、阿根廷、韩国、英国等国学者的三期临床研究evERA报告,首次对雌激素受体阳性HER2阴性晚期乳腺癌CDK4/6抑制剂联合内分泌一线治疗失败后,吉雷司群+依维莫司与标准治疗+依维莫司的有效性和安全性进行随机分组比较。
evERA Breast Cancer (NCT05306340): A Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Giredestrant Plus Everolimus Compared With the Physician's Choice of Endocrine Therapy Plus Everolimus in Participants With Estrogen Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative, Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer
Official Title: A Phase III, Randomized, Open-Label, Multicenter Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Giredestrant Plus Everolimus Compared With the Physician's Choice of Endocrine Therapy Plus Everolimus in Patients With Estrogen Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative, Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer
该国际多中心非盲随机对照三期临床研究于2022年8月3日至2024年10月15日从全球13个国家133个研究中心入组雌激素受体阳性HER2阴性局部晚期或远处转移乳腺癌CDK4/6抑制剂联合内分泌治疗后疾病进展或复发患者373例,按1比1随机分入两组,分别给予吉雷司群+依维莫司(183例)或标准内分泌治疗(依西美坦、氟维司群或他莫昔芬三选一)联合依维莫司(190例)。主要终点为研究者评定的无进展生存,首先对其中207例ESR1突变患者进行,随后对全部患者进行。
结果,截至2025年7月16日,吉雷司群+依维莫司组与标准治疗+依维莫司组相比:
ESR1突变患者
中位无进展生存:延长4.5个月(10.0个月比5.5个月)
进展或死亡风险:减少62%(风险比:0.38,95%置信区间:0.27~0.54,P<0.001)
全部患者
中位无进展生存:延长3.3个月(8.8个月比5.5个月)
进展或死亡风险:减少44%(风险比:0.56;95%置信区间:0.44~0.71,P<0.001)
总生存数据尚不成熟,吉雷司群+依维莫司组似有优势。
吉雷司群+依维莫司组与标准治疗+依维莫司组相比:
不良事件发生率:98.9%比96.8%
口腔炎发生率:47.3%比48.9%
腹泻发生率:26.9%比22.6%
贫血发生率:23.6%比21.0%
因此,该研究初步结果表明,对于雌激素受体阳性HER2阴性晚期乳腺癌CDK4/6抑制剂治疗失败,尤其ESR1突变患者,全口服吉雷司群联合依维莫司与标准内分泌治疗联合依维莫司相比,无进展生存显著延长,不良事件发生率相似。
N Engl J Med. 2026 Sep 30;395(13):1285-1298. IF: 84.5
Giredestrant plus Everolimus in Advanced Breast Cancer.
Mayer EL, Tolaney SM, Martín M, Vidal GA, Moscetti L, Jhaveri KL, Brufsky A, Gradishar WJ, Schneeweiss A, Niikura N, Favret A, Alfie M, Lee KS, Khan S, Feldman MB, Day BM, Lam LH, Darbonne WC, Shah MD, Griffiths KL, DiLallo G, Pérez-Moreno PD, Rugo HS; evERA Breast Cancer Investigators.
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maranón, Madrid; Universidad Complutense, Madrid; Grupo Espanol de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Madrid; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid; West Cancer Center and Research Institute, Germantown, TN; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago; Heidelberg University Hospital and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Virginia Cancer Specialists, Fairfax; Organización Médica de Investigación, Buenos Aires; National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea; Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA.
BACKGROUND: Giredestrant and everolimus target the estrogen receptor (ER) pathway and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, respectively, which are implicated in endocrine-therapy resistance.
METHODS: In this phase 3, open-label, randomized trial, we enrolled patients with ER-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer who had disease progression or recurrence after receipt of a cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor plus endocrine therapy. Patients were assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to receive giredestrant plus everolimus (each given orally) or standard endocrine therapy (i.e., exemestane, fulvestrant, or tamoxifen) plus everolimus. The primary end point was investigator-assessed progression-free survival, evaluated first among patients with ESR1-mutated tumors and then in the overall trial population.
RESULTS: Overall, 373 patients underwent randomization, with 183 assigned to the giredestrant-everolimus group and 190 to the standard therapy-everolimus group. Among 207 patients with ESR1-mutated tumors, the median progression-free survival was 10.0 months with giredestrant-everolimus and 5.5 months with standard therapy-everolimus (hazard ratio for disease progression or death, 0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27 to 0.54; P<0.001). In the overall population, the median progression-free survival was 8.8 months with giredestrant-everolimus and 5.5 months with standard therapy-everolimus (hazard ratio, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.71; P<0.001). Adverse events occurred in 98.9% of patients who received giredestrant-everolimus and in 96.8% of those who received standard therapy-everolimus. The most common adverse events were stomatitis (in 47.3% of giredestrant-everolimus recipients and 48.9% of standard therapy-everolimus recipients), diarrhea (in 26.9% and 22.6%, respectively), and anemia (in 23.6% and 21.0%).
CONCLUSIONS: An all-oral giredestrant-everolimus regimen led to significantly longer progression-free survival than standard endocrine therapy-everolimus among patients with ER-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer who had received a CDK4/6 inhibitor previously, mainly in patients with ESR1-mutated tumors. The incidence of adverse events was similar in the two groups.
Funded by Genentech
evERA Breast Cancer ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05306340
PMID: 42814929
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2602457
(来源:SIBCS)
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