Aminoglycosides in Early Sepsis (AGES): A Randomized Pragmatic Clinical Trial Comparing Gentamicin and Narrow Spectrum Betalactams to Broad Spectrum Betalactams as Empirical Treatment in Patients With Suspected Sepsis

Norwegian guidelines for empirical antibiotic therapy in suspected community acquired sepsis recommend the combination of narrow spectrum betalactam and aminoglycoside as the first choice, but broad spectrum betalactams are considered equally appropriate, effective, and safe. However, fear of renal complications due to gentamicin and concern for lacking evidence for efficiency commonly leads to the use of broad spectrum betalactam therapy, a larger driver of antibiotic resistance.
In patients with suspected community acquired sepsis, the investigators hypothesize that empirical combination therapy with narrow spectrum betalactams and aminoglycosides is safe and non-inferior to empirical therapy with broad spectrum betalactams. More specifically, the investigators hypothesize that the proportion of patients with acute kidney injury or death will be similar between these two treatment groups. Furthermore, the investigators hypothesize that the aminoglycoside-based regimen has lesser impact on the gut microbiome. Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most urgent health threats of our time, and Norwegian hospitals were required but failed to reduce the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics with 30% by the end of 2020. In this context, novel initiatives aiming at reducing use of antibiotics are direly needed.

开始日期2026-04-01

申办/合作机构

Akershus Universitetssykehus HF

[+1]

NCT07460349

/ Not yet recruitingN/AIIT

Extended Interval Dosing of Gentamicin in Neonates to Achieve Target Drug Concentrations

A previous pharmacy residency project was done 20 years ago looking at the best dosing for the antibiotic gentamicin for babies up to 7 days old. This study showed that giving the dose less often leads to better drug concentrations than giving the dose more often. Our gentamicin dosing at the Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre is based on the better dosing from the study. This dosing is gentamicin 3 mg/kg every 24 hours for babies less than 35 weeks gestational age and 3.5 mg/kg every 24 hours for babies at least 35 weeks gestational age. These results were never published. Different dosing is used at different hospitals. It is important that we check that our gentamicin dosing is still reaching safe and effective drug concentrations in the current study. The study will look at the gentamicin drug concentrations of babies up to 7 days old, including premature and term babies. We will also confirm if the babies have kidney or hearing damage from gentamicin. We will compare the gentamicin drug concentrations from this study to the past data to see if the dosing is still the best. The results can help form a guideline for the Children's Hospital and surrounding hospitals.

开始日期2026-03-01

申办/合作机构-

CTIS2024-520251-24-00

/ Not yet recruiting临床4期IIT

Evidence based empirical antibiotic treatment for urinary tract infections requiring hospitalisation - TRI-AB trial

开始日期2026-01-05

申办/合作机构

Odense University Hospital

100 项与硫酸庆大霉素相关的临床结果

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100 项与硫酸庆大霉素相关的转化医学

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100 项与硫酸庆大霉素相关的专利（医药）

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26,707

项与硫酸庆大霉素相关的文献（医药）

2026-12-31·Hematology

Identification and functional exploration of hub genes related to energy metabolism in acute myeloid leukemia

Article

作者: Yan, Xueqian ; Chen, Yi ; Qin, Weiwei ; Ji, Yueru

OBJECTIVES:

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematological malignancy with poor prognosis. Abnormal energy metabolism is a well-recognized cancer hallmark, yet the role of energy metabolism-related genes (EMRGs) in AML remains unclear. Thus, this study aims to identify such hub genes in AML and explore their prognostic significance, related pathways, and therapeutic targeting potential.

METHODS:

AML-related datasets and EMRGs were obtained from public databases. The hub gene was identified through differential expression analysis, correlation analysis and PPI analysis, etc. Then, a set enrichment analysis was conducted. A drug-gene network was constructed, and immune microenvironment analysis was performed.

RESULTS:

In this study, six hub genes (CDH1, AGRN, NDST3, GPC3, CD44, and COL4A1) were identified, and their expression levels were significantly associated with the overall survival of AML patients. These hub genes also exhibited significant expression differences among clusters; for instance, CD44 was upregulated in cluster 2, while COL4A1 and GPC3 were downregulated. Functional enrichment analysis showed that they were associated with 'ribosome', ECM-receptor interaction', and other functional pathways. Consequently, lapatinib, gentamicin, etc., were predicted based on the hub genes, and we found that CDH1 was positively correlated with multiple cells, such as NK cells and T cells, and there was the highest positive correlation between CDH1 and NK cells.

DISCUSSION:

AML shows a poor response to chemotherapy. Six hub genes linked to metabolism, pathways (ribosome, immune, NOD), and drug targets (e.g. Lapatinib/CDH1) were identified. Correlation of CDH1 with NK cells is discussed.

CONCLUSION:

These hub genes offer promising targets for future individualized AML therapy.

2026-06-01·JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS

Determination of Gentamicin C-subtypes in Inner Ear Perilymph Using Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection

Article

作者: Smith, D David ; Steyger, Peter S ; Dash, Shreshtha ; McDevitt, Molly T

Gentamicin is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside used frequently to treat gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections. In this study, a new, simple, fast, and sensitive isocratic reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the detection and quantification of fluorescent OPA-ethanethiol derivatized gentamicin in very small biological sample volumes. To our knowledge, there is no report of the use of ethanethiol for the derivatization of gentamicin with OPA, and the simultaneous determination of the four major C-subtypes of gentamicin using OPA-derivatives. Optimum chromatographic conditions were achieved on a C₁₈ column with a mobile phase consisting of methanol, glacial acetic acid, and an aqueous solution of sodium 1-heptanesulfonate at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min under ambient conditions. The method was successfully validated according to the acceptance criteria of USP guidelines in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and sensitivity. The linearity of the method was demonstrated with a concentration range of gentamicin (10-400 ng/mL) prepared in artificial perilymph. The limit of detection was 0.2 ng/mL and the limit of quantification was 10-11 ng/mL for all four major C-subtypes of gentamicin. Finally, due to its high sensitivity, this method was successfully applied to quantify gentamicin concentrations in the small volumes of perilymph present in the inner ear of mice. Thus, this RP-HPLC-fluorescence method for detecting derivatized gentamicin in preclinical models is promising in terms of simplicity and high sensitivity.

2026-06-01·TALANTA

Ratiometric fluorescence aptasensor based on hollow mesoporous silica for gentamicin detection

Article

作者: Lu, Xiaodong ; Wang, Zhouping ; Chen, Peifang ; Gao, Xueying ; Li, Yuefan ; Huang, Gengli

Gentamicin (GEN) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic widely used in animal husbandry because of its low cost and high therapeutic efficacy; however, its residues in milk pose a potential risk to food safety. In this study, a truncated aptamer (G41) with high affinity toward GEN was obtained through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) were synthesized using an l-proline reduction method and conjugated with G41 via Au-S bonds to form Au NCs-Apt. Meanwhile, amino-functionalized hollow mesoporous silica (HMSN-NH₂) was employed as a carrier to load rhodamine 6G (R6G), with Au NCs-Apt acting as a gating molecule to encapsulate R6G through electrostatic interactions.In the presence of GEN, the specific binding between GEN and G41 induced the dissociation of Au NCs-Apt from the surface of HMSN-NH₂, resulting in the release of R6G and a significant enhancement of the fluorescence signal at 556 nm (I₅₅₆), while the fluorescence signal of Au NCs at 442 nm (I₄₄₂) remained essentially unchanged. The proposed sensor exhibited an excellent linear response over the concentration range of 20-4000 ng/mL (R² = 0.9977) with a low detection limit of 2.36 ng/mL. Moreover, The aptasensor showed good repeatability, with relative standard deviations (RSD) below 5% based on three independent measurements (n = 3). In addition, the method was applied to the determination of GEN in spiked milk samples, affording recoveries in the range of 98.35-101.49%, demonstrating its applicability to complex sample matrices. By integrating HMSN with a ratiometric fluorescence aptasensing strategy, this study provides a highly stable and anti-interference analytical platform for the monitoring of antibiotic residues in food.

232

项与硫酸庆大霉素相关的新闻（医药）

2026-04-03

·北京医学感染与传染研究

抗菌化疗杂志81卷 1-4期（2026年4月3日更新）

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Volume 81, Issue 1抗菌化疗杂志81卷 1期 https://academic.oup.com/jac/issue 50th Anniversary Collection 50周年纪念合集 Review（综述） 1 Artificial intelligence for improving decision-making in bacterial infection management: a narrative review 人工智能在改善细菌感染治疗决策中的应用：一项叙述性综述 Anisia Talianu and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf470, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf470 Reviews（综述） 2 Evolving landscape of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius: the emergence of new epidemic waves across Europe, Asia and North America 耐甲氧西林中间型葡萄球菌的演变格局：欧洲、亚洲和北美洲新流行浪潮的出现 Lillian Rose Giarratana and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf340, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf340 3 Azithromycin resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella: a review 非伤寒沙门氏菌对阿奇霉素的耐药性：综述 Zhe Zhu and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf341, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf341 4 Antibiotic pharmacodynamics: from MIC to advanced metrics and their applications 抗生素药效动力学：从最低抑菌浓度到高级指标及其应用 Malin Andersson and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf374, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf374 5 Progress in the study of drug resistance mechanism of Bacillus cereus 蜡样芽孢杆菌耐药机制研究进展 Yuhang Zhang and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf399, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf399 6 The curious constraints on clofazimine 氯法齐明的奇特限制 Maple Goh and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf430, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf430 7 Antiplasmid systems: a novel strategy to combat antibiotic resistance 抗质粒系统：对抗抗生素耐药性的新策略 Mohd Asim and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf472, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf472 Systematic Review（系统综述） 8 Coccidioidomycosis in Europe: a systematic literature review of epidemiology, treatment and outcomes 欧洲球孢子菌病：流行病学、治疗和预后的系统文献综述 Priya Shastri and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf407, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf407 9 Systematic review of antimicrobial pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic indices in murine thigh and hollow fibre dose fractionation studies analysed with a standard method 用标准方法分析小鼠大腿和空心纤维剂量分次研究中的抗菌药物药代动力学/药效动力学指数的系统综述 Najla Alabdulkarim and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf446, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf446 Virtual Roundtable（虚拟圆桌会议） 10 Procalcitonin in the management of lower respiratory tract infection and sepsis 降钙素原在下呼吸道感染和败血症治疗中的应用 Ramy H Elshaboury and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf298, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf298 Original Research（论著） 11 Model-based assessment of letermovir pharmacokinetics in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients 来特莫韦在异基因造血干细胞移植受者中药代动力学的基于模型的评估 Chrisoula Tahtsidou and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf427, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf427 12 In vitro exebacase (CF-301) activity against methicillin-susceptible or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci strains isolated from patients with infective endocarditis 体外试验评估依拉环素（CF-301）对甲氧西林敏感或甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌及凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（从感染性心内膜炎患者中分离）的活性 María-Alexandra Cañas and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf435, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf435 13 Evaluation of subcutaneous amoxicillin/clavulanic acid pharmacokinetics as an alternative to the intravenous route in older patients—the PhASAge Study 评估皮下注射阿莫西林/克拉维酸药代动力学作为老年患者静脉给药替代方案——PhASAge研究 Nicolas Grégoire and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf381, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf381 14 Real-life use of isavuconazole in Spanish children and adolescents 西班牙儿童和青少年中艾沙康唑的实际使用情况 Natalia Mendoza-Palomar and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf394, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf394 15 No pharmacovigilance signal of intracranial hypertension associated with glycylcyclines: a FAERS-based disproportionality analysis 基于FAERS数据库的不成比例性分析：未发现甘氨酰环素类与颅内高压相关的药物警戒信号 Slobodan M Jankovic and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf395, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf395 16 Posaconazole enteral tube administration in adults: pharmacokinetic target attainment of oral suspension compared with crushed delayed-release tablet 成人经肠内营养管给予泊沙康唑：口服混悬液与碾碎的缓释片的药代动力学目标达成情况比较 Nirjan Bhattarai and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf396, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf396 17 Characterizing CYP3A4-mediated drug interactions: a fixed-sequence pharmacokinetic Chinese study of posaconazole and ruxolitinib in haematological malignancies CYP3A4介导的药物相互作用特征：一项关于泊沙康唑和鲁索替尼在血液系统恶性肿瘤中的固定序列药代动力学中国研究 Beibei Liang and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf398, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf398 18 Differences in prescription for impetigo and cellulitis across years in three European countries 三个欧洲国家不同年份脓疱病和蜂窝织炎的处方差异 Thomas Bettuzzi and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf400, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf400 19 β-Lactam concentrations monitored in the early phase of community-acquired sepsis in the intensive care unit 重症监护室社区获得性脓毒症早期阶段监测的β-内酰胺浓度 Karolina Liljedahl Prytz and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf401, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf401 20 Enhanced antimycobacterial efficacy of simulated inhaled clofazimine versus oral clofazimine in combination with azithromycin and ethambutol in a hollow-fiber system 在空心纤维系统中，模拟吸入氯法齐明与口服氯法齐明联合阿奇霉素和乙胺丁醇的抗结核分枝杆菌疗效增强比较 Jelmer Raaijmakers and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf402, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf402 21 Identification of antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli through network diffusion 通过网络扩散法鉴定大肠杆菌中的抗生素耐药基因 Anis Mansouri and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf404, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf404 22 Preclinical evaluation of epetraborole in the hollow fibre system model of Mycobacterium abscessus lung disease 依培硼罗在脓肿分枝杆菌肺病空心纤维系统模型中的临床前评估 Sanjay Singh and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf405, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf405 23 The β-lactamase inhibitor concentration-dependent minimum inhibitory concentration (MICcBLI) as methodology to assess the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship of piperacillin/tazobactam for dosing optimization β-内酰胺酶抑制剂浓度依赖性最低抑菌浓度（MICcBLI）作为评估哌拉西林/他唑巴坦药代动力学/药效动力学关系以优化给药的方法 Malin Andersson and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf406, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf406 24 Unravelling the triad of penicillin-binding proteins, β-lactamase activity, and mRNA dynamics in Pseudomonas aeruginosa AmpC induction 解析铜绿假单胞菌AmpC诱导过程中青霉素结合蛋白、β-内酰胺酶活性和mRNA动态的三元关系 Maria Montaner and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf408, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf408 25 Unnoticed spread of linear VanA-plasmids in vancomycin-variable Enterococcus faecium strains across different regions: a diagnostics challenge 不同地区万古霉素可变型粪肠球菌菌株中线性VanA质粒的未被察觉的传播：一项诊断挑战 Ana C Almeida-Santos and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf409, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf409 26 Switching from etravirine to doravirine in virologically suppressed people with HIV: results from the French multicentre SWEED observational study 在病毒学抑制的HIV感染者中从依曲韦林切换至多拉韦林：法国多中心SWEED观察性研究的结果 Romain Palich and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf410, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf410 27 HIV-1 drug resistance among pregnant and breastfeeding mothers and its association with paediatric HIV infections in the Dolutegravir era in Uganda 乌干达多替拉韦时代孕产妇及哺乳期母亲中HIV-1耐药情况及其与儿童HIV感染的关联 Anne Kapaata and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf411, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf411 28 Outpatient antibiotic prescribing for medically attended respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, or human metapneumovirus illness among high-risk adults in rural Wisconsin, United States 美国威斯康星州农村地区高风险成人因呼吸道合胞病毒、流感或人偏肺病毒感染就诊时的门诊抗生素处方情况 Sarah C J Jorgensen and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf412, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf412 29 Omadacycline as a drug candidate for Mycobacterium avium infections: in vitro insights on single and combination therapies 奥马环素作为鸟分枝杆菌感染候选药物：单药及联合治疗的体外研究 Saskia E Mudde and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf413, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf413 30 Post-pandemic trends in Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype epidemiology and antibiotic susceptibility in adults with invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal disease in the USA (2022–2023) 后疫情时代美国成人侵袭性与非侵袭性肺炎链球菌病血清型流行病学及抗生素敏感性趋势（2022-2023） Mekki F Bensaci and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf414, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf414 31 Benznidazole pharmacokinetics in patients with chronic Chagas disease: association with demographic factors and adverse drug reactions 慢性恰加斯病患者苯芴醇药代动力学：与人口统计学因素及药物不良反应的关联 Gabriel P E Silveira and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf416, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf416 32 Acquired antimicrobial resistance genes in Bordetella Species: a global genomic analysis 博德特氏菌属中获得的抗菌药物耐药基因：全球基因组分析 Biao Tang and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf418, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf418 33 Machine learning for personalized antimicrobial susceptibility breakpoints: (Adaptive clinical breakpoint interpretation) 基于机器学习的个性化抗菌药物敏感性折点制定（自适应临床折点解释） Yinzheng Zhong and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf419, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf419 34 Multicentre investigation of Wickerhamomyces anomalus fungemia in India: emerging resistance and mechanistic insights 印度异常威克汉姆酵母菌血症的多中心研究：新发耐药性及机制洞察 Shristi Verma and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf420, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf420 35 Reducing aztreonam/avibactam waste: insights from Monte Carlo simulations 减少氨曲南/阿维巴坦浪费：蒙特卡洛模拟的启示 Yeleen Fromage and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf421, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf421 36 Nanoparticle-based co-delivery of ciprofloxacin and meropenem enhances synergistic activity against multidrug-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates 基于纳米颗粒的环丙沙星与美罗培南共递送可增强对多重耐药高毒力肺炎克雷伯菌临床分离株的协同活性 Reham Mostafa and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf422, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf422 37 Development of population pharmacokinetic models of total and free piperacillin in critically ill children and young adults for Monte Carlo simulations and model-informed precision dosing 危重症儿童及青年总游离哌拉西林群体药代动力学模型开发：用于蒙特卡洛模拟及模型引导的精准给药 Sonya Tang Girdwood and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf423, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf423 38 Reaching the target: time and dose required to achieve target vancomycin plasma concentrations in admitted patients 达标分析：住院患者达到目标万古霉素血浆浓度所需的时间与剂量 W Töpfer and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf424, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf424 39 Notable transmitted HIV drug resistance among people who inject drugs in Pakistan 巴基斯坦注射毒品人群中显著传播的HIV耐药性 Stephanie Melnychuk and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf425, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf425 40 Synergistic but clinically unattainable: amoxicillin/ceftriaxone combination against ampicillin-susceptible Enterococcus faecium 协同但临床难以实现：阿莫西林/头孢曲松联合对氨苄西林敏感粪肠球菌的体外活性 Ahmed Ashrin and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf426, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf426 41 Pharmacodynamic studies of taniborbactam (VNRX-5133) combined with cefepime against β-lactamase–producing Gram-negative bacteria in a neutropenic murine thigh infection model 中性粒细胞减少小鼠大腿感染模型中他尼硼巴坦（VNRX-5133）联合头孢吡肟对产β-内酰胺酶革兰氏阴性菌的药效动力学研究 Panagiota-Christina Georgiou and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf431, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf431 42 Epidemiology and treatment of endocarditis secondary to Enterobacterales other than Serratia spp. 非塞拉蒂亚属肠杆菌目细菌所致心内膜炎的流行病学及治疗 Clayton F Hausberger and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf432, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf432 43 Enhanced activity of apramycin and apramycin-based combinations against Mycobacteroides abscessus 阿普拉霉素及其组合对脓肿分枝杆菌的增强活性 Yanqin Huang and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf433, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf433 44 Efflux-mediated multidrug resistance mechanism in Trichophyton indotineae and Trichophyton rubrum; role of ABC transporters and MFS gene 印度毛癣菌与红色毛癣菌中由ABC转运蛋白和MFS基因介导的流出泵型多重耐药机制 Dipika Shaw and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf434, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf434 45 Sphingobacterium spp. as intrinsic producers of SPI Ambler class B metallo-β-lactamases 鞘氨醇杆菌属作为SPI Ambler B类金属β-内酰胺酶的固有产生者 Delphine Girlich and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf436, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf436 46 Global phylogeography and genomic characterization of blaNDM-1-positive carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter soli blaNDM-1阳性碳青霉烯耐药溶胶阿卡净菌的全球系统发育地理学及基因组特征 Pengpeng Min and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf437, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf437 47 Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of one-month daily rifapentine for latent tuberculosis treatment in haemodialysis patients 血液透析患者潜伏性结核治疗中每月一次每日利福喷丁的药代动力学及耐受性 Thornthun Ueaphongsukkit and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf439, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf439 48 In vitro susceptibility of cefepime-enmetazobactam, cefepime-taniborbactam and cefepime-zidebactam towards carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales 头孢吡肟-恩美他唑巴坦、头孢吡肟-他尼硼巴坦及头孢吡肟-齐德巴坦对产碳青霉烯酶肠杆菌目的体外敏感性 Marion Dutkiewicz and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf440, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf440 49 In vitro efficacy of sulbactam/durlobactam combined with β-lactam antibiotics in Australian Mycobacterium abscessus isolates 舒巴坦/杜洛巴坦联合β-内酰胺类抗生素对澳大利亚脓肿分枝杆菌分离株的体外疗效 Kirby Patterson-Fahy and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf441, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf441 50 Harnessing CRISPR–Cas9 and CRISPRi systems to reverse antibiotic resistance in a clinical multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolate 利用CRISPR-Cas9及CRISPRi系统逆转临床多重耐药大肠杆菌分离株的抗生素耐药性 Ruonan Zhao and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf442, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf442 51 Cotrimoxazole in the intensive care unit: an impossible task for the fixed association in real life? 重症监护室中复方磺胺甲噁唑的应用：固定组合在现实中的不可行性？ Manon Launay and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf443, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf443 52 National representative survey of pretreatment HIV drug resistance in Colombia: analysis of antiretroviral resistance-associated mutations using next-generation sequencing 哥伦比亚全国代表性调查：基于下一代测序的抗逆转录病毒耐药相关突变分析 Ernesto Martínez-Buitrago and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf444, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf444 53 A model-based comparison of dose reduction strategies for fixed-dose dolutegravir-containing regimens 基于模型的含固定剂量多替拉韦方案减量策略比较 Laura Dickinson and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf445, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf445 54 Therapeutic drug monitoring and target attainment of unbound flucloxacillin in hospitalized patients with measured MICs (FLUTE) 住院患者中游离氟氯西林的治疗药物监测及目标达成情况（基于实测最低抑菌浓度的FLUTE研究） Pjotr P Temme and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf447, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf447 55 Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir addition to acute care formulary: a retrospective, multi-centre evaluation of quantitative economic and qualitative clinical outcomes 奈玛特韦/利托那韦纳入急症治疗目录：一项多中心回顾性评估定量经济与定性临床结果的研究 Jose Valdes Ledesma and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf448, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf448 56 Local antibiotic resistance surveillance in nursing homes using lot quality assurance sampling: a feasibility study 采用批量质量保证抽样法对养老院进行本地抗生素耐药性监测的可行性研究 Sacha Kuil and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf451, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf451 57 High in vitro activity of the novel antimicrobial gepotidacin against Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in eight WHO Enhanced Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme countries in three WHO regions, 2021–24 2021-2024年，在世卫组织三个区域的八个世卫组织增强淋球菌抗菌药物监测计划国家中，新型抗菌药物吉皮达星对淋病奈瑟菌分离株的体外活性较高 Josefine Ahlstrand and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf452, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf452 58 Despite increasing use of integrase inhibitors to treat HIV infection, resistance to this class remains stable 尽管整合酶抑制剂用于治疗HIV感染的使用量不断增加，但此类药物的耐药性仍保持稳定 Cathia Soulie and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf454, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf454 59 Fine-needle aspiration in infected necrotizing pancreatitis in the delayed intervention era: a post hoc analysis of safety, microbiological yield and therapeutic implications 延迟干预时代感染性坏死性胰腺炎的细针穿刺抽吸术：安全性、微生物学检出率及治疗意义的事后分析 Hannah S Pauw and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf455, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf455 60 β-Lactam dosing in critically ill children: predictors for target non-attainment 危重症儿童β-内酰胺类药物给药：未达目标浓度的预测因素 Stef Schouwenburg and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf457, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf457 61 Co-administration of triazoles with calcineurin or mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors in solid organ transplant patients hospitalized with invasive aspergillosis 实体器官移植患者合并侵袭性曲霉病住院时三唑类药物与钙调磷酸酶抑制剂或哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白抑制剂的联合用药情况 Barbara Alexander and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf461, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf461 62 In vitro selection of cefiderocol-resistant mutants in Acinetobacter baumannii harbouring the most common carbapenemase genes 携带最常见碳青霉烯酶基因的鲍曼不动杆菌中头孢地尔耐药突变体的体外筛选 Otávio Hallal Ferreira Raro and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf462, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf462 63 Preventing resistance development in infections by OXA β-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa: correlating clinical outcomes with hollow-fibre model input 预防产OXA β-内酰胺酶铜绿假单胞菌感染耐药性的产生：将临床结局与中空纤维模型输入相关联 María M Montero and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf464, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf464 64 A national pilot community pharmacy–led urinary tract infection service: clinical and patient-reported outcomes from 9077 consultations 全国社区药房主导的尿路感染服务试点项目：9077次咨询的临床结局和患者报告结局 Efi Mantzourani and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf466, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf466 65 Towards enhanced translational value: preclinical drug activity testing against actively multiplying, nutrient-starved and pellicle biofilm-embedded Mycobacterium abscessus 提高转化价值：针对活跃增殖、营养匮乏和生物膜包裹的脓肿分枝杆菌进行临床前药物活性测试 Henriëtte M Meliefste and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf468, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf468 Research Letters（研究快报） 66 Novel multiresistance transposon Tn7731 in bovine Pasteurella multocida from Germany 德国牛源多杀性巴氏杆菌中新型多重耐药转座子Tn7731 Henrike Krüger-Haker and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf336, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf336 67 Efficacy of eravacycline in difficult-to-treat (DTR) Acinetobacter baumannii bacteraemia in ICU: a case report 厄他培南治疗重症监护病房难治性鲍曼不动杆菌菌血症的疗效：一例病例报告 Monica Melchio and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf347, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf347 68 Possible increased risk of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) in letermovir-exposed haematopoietic cell transplantation recipients 来特莫韦暴露的造血细胞移植受者中EB病毒感染和移植后淋巴增殖性疾病风险可能增加 Jose F Camargo and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf348, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf348 69 Dalbavancin dosing in a severely underweight woman with prosthetic valve endocarditis: the critical role of proactive therapeutic drug monitoring 达巴万星在严重体重不足人工瓣膜心内膜炎女性患者中的给药：主动治疗药物监测的关键作用 Ambra Barco and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf365, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf365 70 Cefazolin-induced seizures in a haemodialysis patient with elevated serum and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations: a case report 血液透析患者头孢唑林血清和脑脊液浓度升高诱发癫痫：一例病例报告 Kohei Hasegawa and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf373, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf373 71 Retrospective analysis of pharmacological therapeutic monitoring of caspofungin in patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy using polyacrylonitrile membranes 使用聚丙烯腈膜进行连续性肾脏替代治疗的患者中卡泊芬净药代动力学治疗监测的回顾性分析 Antoine Hérault and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf390, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf390 72 Diffusion of OXA-48- and NDM-5-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST383 clone in Central Italy 产OXA-48和NDM-5的肺炎克雷伯菌ST383克隆在意大利中部的传播 Gloria D’Achille and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf397, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf397 73 Durability of lenacapavir in viremic heavily treatment-experienced people with HIV: real-world data from the PRESTIGIO Registry 来那卡帕韦在病毒载量阳性且接受过大量抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV感染者中的持久性：来自PRESTIGIO登记处的现实数据 Tommaso Clemente and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf415, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf415 74 Co-carriage of the oxazolidinone resistance genes cfr and optrA in a linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus rostri isolate from a pig-farm worker 猪场工人利奈唑胺耐药猪鼻支原体分离株中噁唑烷酮类耐药基因cfr和optrA的共携带情况 Gi Yong Lee and Soo-Jin Yang Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf428, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf428 75 Importance of reviewing the package insert from gradient strip manufacturers 梯度扩散法药敏纸片生产商说明书审阅的重要性 Mandy Wootton and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf429, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf429 76 One resistance gene, many transposons: repeated formation of compound and pseudo-compound transposons carrying the aphA1 kanamycin and neomycin resistance gene 一个耐药基因，多个转座子：携带aphA1卡那霉素和新霉素耐药基因的复合及假复合转座子的重复形成 Christopher J Harmer and Ruth M Hall Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf450, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf450 77 Absence of lymphogranuloma venereum among men who have sex with men on PrEP receiving doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis 接受暴露后多西环素预防性治疗的暴露前预防用药男男性行为者中未发现性病淋巴肉芽肿 Cristina Gómez-Ayerbe and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf456, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf456 78 In vitro activity of gepotidacin against Chlamydia trachomatis 吉皮达星对沙眼衣原体的体外活性 Arabella Touati and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 2026, dkaf460, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf460 Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Volume 81, Issue 2抗菌化疗杂志 81卷 2期 https://academic.oup.com/jac/issue Viewpoints（观点） 1 Long-acting glycopeptides: what are the barriers to access in patients who need them most, and how can they be overcome? 长效糖肽类：最需要它们的患者获取药物的障碍有哪些，如何克服？ Aleece MacPhail and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf471, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf471 2 Redefining antifungal prophylaxis in acute leukaemia in the era of targeted therapies 靶向治疗时代急性白血病抗真菌预防的重新定义 Marcio Nucci and Johan Maertens Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkag010, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag010 Reviews（综述） 3 Research progress on resistance mechanisms and clinical efficacy of tigecycline against Klebsiella pneumoniae 替加环素对肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药机制及临床疗效研究进展 Meilin Wu and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf504, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf504 4 Liposomal amphotericin B and renal safety: review of the evidence and clinical considerations 两性霉素B脂质体与肾脏安全性：证据回顾及临床考量 Johan Maertens and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf473, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf473 5 Strategies for mitigating severe COVID-19 in patients with haematological malignancy during the omicron era 奥密克戎时代减轻血液系统恶性肿瘤患者严重新冠肺炎的策略 Keiji Okinaka and Joshua T Schiffer Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf489, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf489 Systematic Reviews（系统综述） 6 Safety and efficacy of gepotidacin in urinary tract infection: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis 吉泊替达辛治疗尿路感染的安全性和有效性：一项基于GRADE评估的系统综述和荟萃分析 Taha Ibrahim and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf469, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf469 7 The emerging clinical relevance and antimicrobial resistance of Pluralibacter gergoviae: a systematic review 产吲哚金黄杆菌日益凸显的临床相关性和抗菌药物耐药性：一项系统综述 Bruna Abdul Ahad Saad and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf476, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf476 8 A comprehensive analysis of the mutational landscape determining polymyxin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae 决定肺炎克雷伯菌多粘菌素耐药性的突变谱综合分析 Sambit Kumar Dwibedy and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf503, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf503 9 Factors promoting or hindering self-administered outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy: a systematic literature review 促进或阻碍自我给药门诊静脉注射抗菌药物治疗的因素：一项系统文献综述 Hester H Stoorvogel and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf490, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf490 Original Research（论著） 10 Cefepime/enmetazobactam for Gram-negative periprosthetic joint infections? A randomized porcine study on target tissue pharmacokinetics 头孢吡肟/恩美唑巴坦治疗革兰氏阴性假体周围关节感染？一项关于猪的靶组织药代动力学的随机研究 M B D Nielsen and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf487, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf487 11 Impact of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation modes on voriconazole exposure in critically ill patients 体外膜肺氧合模式对危重患者伏立康唑暴露的影响 Xinrui Wang and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf501, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf501 12 Model-based assessment of VRC07-523LS dosing in infants through population pharmacokinetic -pharmacodynamic modelling in adults and infants 基于模型通过成人和婴儿群体药代动力学-药效学模型评估VRC07-523LS在婴儿中的给药方案 Dustin Huynh and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf449, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf449 13 Antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains—intracellular metabolomics analysis 铜绿假单胞菌菌株的抗生素耐药性——细胞内代谢组学分析 Karolina Anna Mielko-Niziałek and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf453, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf453 14 In vitro activity of cefepime/zidebactam against sulbactam/durlobactam-susceptible and -resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates 头孢吡肟/齐多巴坦对舒巴坦/杜洛巴坦敏感和耐药鲍曼不动杆菌临床分离株的体外活性 Carlo Tascini and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf467, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf467 15 Prevalence of macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae in The Netherlands 荷兰肺炎支原体大环内酯类抗生素耐药性的流行情况 Patrick D J Sturm and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf475, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf475 16 Simulated lung exposure in pneumonia patients to evaluate the antibacterial capacity and resistance suppression of clinical tigecycline regimens against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii 模拟肺炎患者肺部暴露情况以评估临床替加环素方案对碳青霉烯类耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的抗菌能力和耐药抑制作用 Xiaonan Zhang and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf477, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf477 17 Enterococcus faecium harbouring vanA, optrA and cfr(D) on a linear plasmid in Canada: a CANWARD surveillance case 加拿大发现携带vanA、optrA和cfr(D)的粪肠球菌线性质粒：一项CANWARD监测病例 Melissa McCracken and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf478, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf478 18 The effect of intrauterine exposure to aminoglycosides on neonatal hearing 宫内暴露于氨基糖苷类抗生素对新生儿听力的影响 Daniel Leshin-Carmel and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf483, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf483 19 Ceftazidime/avibactam: a potent arsenal against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa-unveiling in vitro and in vivo strategies 头孢他啶/阿维巴坦：对抗多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌的有力武器——揭示体内外策略 Jiaju Zhuo and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf495, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf495 20 Comparison of disk diffusion, MIC test strip and broth microdilution for eravacycline susceptibility testing of 422 Staphylococcus aureus isolates using ChinaCAST breakpoints 采用中国CAST折点，比较422株金黄色葡萄球菌对依拉环素的纸片扩散法、最低抑菌浓度测试条法和肉汤微量稀释法的敏感性测试结果 Xinying Wang and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf502, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf502 21 Penetration of daptomycin in cerebrospinal fluid during pneumococcal meningitis 肺炎链球菌性脑膜炎期间达托霉素在脑脊液中的渗透情况 Pascal Chavanet and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf474, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf474 22 Rapid molecular diagnostics for detection of extensively drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi 用于检测广泛耐药伤寒沙门菌的快速分子诊断技术 Emma L Sweeney and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf481, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf481 23 Gender inequality and antibiotic consumption: analysis of pharmaceutical sales data from 70 countries, 2000–22 性别不平等与抗生素消费：基于2000 - 2022年70个国家药品销售数据的分析 Deepshikha Batheja and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkag002, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag002 24 Real-world evaluation of isavuconazole in children with cancer 伊沙康唑在儿童癌症患者中的现实应用评估 Janine Nijhuis and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf485, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf485 25 Assessing antimicrobial susceptibility testing guideline adherence by laboratories providing bacteriology services in Ghana: a pilot study 加纳提供细菌学服务的实验室对抗菌药物敏感性试验指南依从性的评估：一项试点研究 Joseph Elikem Efui Acolatse and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkag003, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag003 26 Resistance to second-generation integrase inhibitors in people with HIV following treatment failure on dolutegravir- or bictegravir-based ART in Taiwan 台湾地区基于多替拉韦或比克替拉韦的抗逆转录病毒治疗失败后，HIV感染者对第二代整合酶抑制剂的耐药性 Guan-Jhou Chen and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf488, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf488 27 In vitro activity of gepotidacin against a challenging panel of multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates 吉泊西汀对一组具有挑战性的多重耐药淋病奈瑟菌分离株的体外活性 Michelle Jayne Cole and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkag001, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag001 28 A disproportionality analysis of adverse events associated with omadacycline based on the FDA adverse event reporting system database 基于美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）不良事件报告系统数据库的奥马环素相关不良事件比例失衡分析 Ye-Lei Zhao and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkag006, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag006 29 Weight-band-based simplification of oral allometric miltefosine dosing in paediatric patients with visceral leishmaniasis 基于体重范围的口服异速缩放米替福新给药方案在儿童内脏利什曼病患者中的简化应用 Andres Mazariegos Herrera and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkag014, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag014 30 evelopment of a capability framework for antimicrobial stewardship specialist health professionals working in the NHS in England: utilizing Delphi methodology 运用德尔菲法为在英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）中工作的抗菌药物管理专业人员制定能力框架 Ryan A Hamilton and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf438, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf438 31 First characterization of insertions in the HIV-1 integrase-coding region from people with HIV 首次对来自艾滋病病毒感染者的HIV-1整合酶编码区插入情况进行特征分析 Nhat Quang Tu and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf491, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf491 32 Development of an impedance-based fast antimicrobial susceptibility test for Neisseria gonorrhoeae 开发一种基于阻抗的淋病奈瑟菌快速抗菌药物敏感性检测方法 Caitlin N Daniels and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf493, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf493 33 Juvenile toxicity and developmental safety of Zintrodiazine, a novel antimalarial candidate, in Wistar rats 新型抗疟候选药物Zintrodiazine在Wistar大鼠中的幼年毒性和发育安全性研究 Hitesh A Kadu and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkag008, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag008 34 Do the redefined EUCAST susceptibility categories warrant adjustment of paediatric antibiotic dosages? Pragmatic physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling of four commonly used agents 欧洲抗微生物药物敏感性试验委员会（EUCAST）重新定义的敏感性分类是否需要调整儿童抗生素剂量？——对四种常用药物的实用生理药代动力学建模研究 Marika A de Hoop-Sommen and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf463, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf463 35 Exploring the opportunity for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and precision dose antimicrobials in an outpatient antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) service: a prospective observational study 门诊抗菌治疗（OPAT）服务中开展治疗药物监测（TDM）和精准剂量抗菌治疗的机遇：一项前瞻性观察研究 R C Wilson and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf484, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf484 36 Impact of sex, age and body composition on rilpivirine and cabotegravir trough concentrations in people with HIV receiving long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy 性别、年龄和身体成分对接受长效注射用抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV感染者利匹韦林和卡博特韦谷浓度的影响 Maria Vittoria Cossu and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkag024, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag024 37 Pharmacokinetics of cefiderocol during prolonged intermittent kidney replacement therapy in two patients with septic shock 头孢地尔在两例感染性休克患者长时间间歇性肾脏替代治疗期间的药代动力学 Julius J Schmidt and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf496, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf496 38 Understanding mechanisms of reduced cefiderocol susceptibility in pvdS and fecI mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 了解铜绿假单胞菌pvdS和fecI突变体对头孢地尔敏感性降低的机制 Yoshinori Yamano and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkag004, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag004 39 Biomarker-informed PBPK modelling of meropenem in paediatric severe pneumonia: implications for target-site PK/PD 基于生物标志物的美罗培南在儿童重症肺炎中的生理药动学模型构建：对靶部位药代动力学/药效学的影响 Yao Liu and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf500, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf500 40 Evaluating hypoalbuminaemia thresholds associated with delayed blood sterilization among patients receiving cefazolin or antistaphylococcal penicillins for MSSA bacteraemia 评估接受头孢唑林或抗葡萄球菌青霉素治疗甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌（MSSA）菌血症患者中，与血液延迟灭菌相关的低白蛋白血症阈值 Sunish Shah and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf498, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf498 Research Letters（研究快讯） 41 False-negative result in fourth-generation HIV screening tests after weak detection of p24 antigen in the context of inappropriate post-exposure prophylaxis use: a case report 不当使用暴露后预防用药导致第四代HIV筛查试验p24抗原弱检出后出现假阴性结果：一例病例报告 J Kimmerlin and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf459, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf459 42 Proposal for the nomenclature of tmexCD-toprJ-like gene clusters 关于tmexCD-toprJ样基因簇命名的建议 Chengzhen Wang and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf482, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf482 43 IS26-mediated chromosomal integration of virulence plasmid fragments in ST2237 carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae IS26介导的毒力质粒片段在ST2237型碳青霉烯耐药肺炎克雷伯菌染色体中的整合 Yan Li and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkag018, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag018 Letter to the Editor（致编辑的信） 44 Comment on: Retrospective analysis of pharmacological therapeutic monitoring of caspofungin in patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy using polyacrylonitrile membranes 对“采用聚丙烯腈膜对接受连续性肾脏替代治疗的患者进行卡泊芬净药代动力学监测的回顾性分析”的评论 Gwénola Marais and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf465, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf465 45 Antimicrobial use for the treatment of bacterial sexually transmitted infections among doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (DoxyPEP) users in Milan, Italy-right-to-reply 意大利米兰地区使用多西环素暴露后预防（DoxyPEP）人群中，用于治疗细菌性传播感染的抗菌药物使用情况——回应说明 Angelo Roberto Raccagni and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkag027, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag027 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF REFEREES（鸣谢审稿专家） 46 Acknowledgement of Referees 鸣谢审稿专家 Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf417, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf417 CORRECTION（更正） 47 Correction to: Comment on: Antiviral effect of Evusheld in COVID-19 hospitalized patients infected with pre-Omicron or Omicron variants: a modelling analysis of the randomized DisCoVeRy trial 更正：关于Evusheld在感染奥密克戎变异株前或奥密克戎变异株的新冠住院患者中的抗病毒效果：对随机DisCoVeRy试验的建模分析的评论 Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 2, February 2026, dkaf492, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf492 Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Volume 81, Issue 3抗菌化疗杂志 81卷 3期 https://academic.oup.com/jac/issue REVIEW（综述） 1 Closing the PrEP access gap in Europe: a strategic framework for equity and innovation among difficult-to-reach populations 缩小欧洲暴露前预防获取差距：面向难以触及（PrEP）人群的公平与创新战略框架 Josep M Llibre and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag052, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag052 2 Precision dosing of systemic antifungals in adults: therapeutic drug monitoring, empiric dose optimization and barriers to implementation 成人全身性抗真菌药物的精准给药：治疗药物监测、经验性剂量优化及实施障碍 Daniel B Chastain and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag055, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag055 3 Bacterial DNA topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase inhibitors: history of the quinolones, their clinical usage and potential alternatives for the future 细菌DNA拓扑异构酶IV和DNA旋转酶抑制剂：喹诺酮类药物的历史、临床应用及未来潜在替代方案 Daisuke Fukuda and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag054, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag054 4 Combating multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: current therapeutic regimens and future directions 应对多重耐药肺炎克雷伯菌：当前治疗方案与未来方向 Robiul Islam and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag064, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag064 SYSTEMATIC REVIEW（系统综述） 5 Global and regional prevalence of metallo-β-lactamases in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: a systematic review and meta-analysis 耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌中金属β-内酰胺酶的全球和区域流行情况：一项系统综述和荟萃分析 Stamatis Karakonstantis and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag037, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag037 Original Research（论著） 6 The effect of oral ciprofloxacin at conventional doses on the QT interval in a tertiary outpatient setting 三级门诊常规剂量口服环丙沙星对患者QT间期的影响 Weber Liu and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag020, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag020 7 Bictegravir concentrations in breastmilk of healthy, lactating women without HIV 未感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的健康哺乳期女性乳汁中的比克替拉韦浓度 L C van der Wekken-Pas and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag022, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag022 8 Management and outcomes of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia recovered from deep-site clinical specimens: a bicentric retrospective cohort study 从深部部位临床标本中分离出的嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌的治疗及转归：一项双中心回顾性队列研究 Anastasia Saade and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag021, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag021 9 Development of a risk prediction model for vancomycin-associated acute kidney injury: a multicentre retrospective study 万古霉素相关急性肾损伤风险预测模型的建立：一项多中心回顾性研究 Tomoyuki Ishigo and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag012, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag012 10 Cooperation between HIV-1 integrase natural polymorphism K156N and 3′PPT mutations in dolutegravir monotherapy failure HIV-1 整合酶天然多态性 K156N 与 3′PPT 突变在多替拉韦单药治疗失败中的协同作用 Jolieke A T van Osch and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag033, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag033 11 Impact of body mass index and serum albumin levels on isavuconazole plasma concentrations in patients with haematological malignancies 体重指数和血清白蛋白水平对血液系统恶性肿瘤患者艾沙康唑血浆浓度的影响 Jie Gao and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag032, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag032 12 Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and its metabolite desacetyl-cefotaxime to optimize dosing in critically ill children and children with sickle cell disease 用以优化危重症儿童和镰状细胞病儿童给药剂量的头孢噻肟及其代谢产物去乙酰头孢噻肟的药代动力学研究 Seef Abdalla and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag019, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag019 13 Summary of ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Canada, 2017–24 2017 - 2024年加拿大头孢曲松耐药淋病奈瑟菌情况汇总 Robyn Thorington and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag007, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag007 14 Improving perioperative prophylactic antibiotic prescribing using a novel decision-support tool 使用新型决策支持工具改进围手术期预防性抗生素处方 Mark Mcintyre and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag015, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag015 15 Comparative activity of established versus new-generation β-lactams against AmpC-hyperproducing clinical isolates of Enterobacter cloacae complex and Klebsiella aerogenes: a multicentre study 针对产超广谱AmpC酶的阴沟肠杆菌复合群和产气克雷伯菌临床分离株，比较已上市与新一代β-内酰胺类抗生素的抗菌活性：一项多中心研究 Ángel Rodríguez-Villodres and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag034, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag034 16 Impact of eravacycline on fibrinogen 依拉环素对纤维蛋白原的影响 Emily Stevenson and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag030, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag030 17 Biliary pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis of continuous infusion ceftazidime–avibactam in a case series of orthotopic liver transplant recipients 原位肝移植受者连续输注头孢他啶-阿维巴坦的药代动力学/药效学胆系分析：一项病例系列研究 Milo Gatti and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag009, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag009 18 Autoaggregation-associated carbapenem tolerance mediated by mrkH inactivation identified from a cohort of Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex clinical isolates 从肺炎克雷伯菌复合群临床分离株队列中鉴定出由mrkH失活介导的与自动聚集相关的碳青霉烯耐受性 Natsuki Yamanaka and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag017, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag017 19 In vitro activity of double and triple antimicrobial combinations against carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm 双联和三联抗菌药物组合对碳青霉烯耐药铜绿假单胞菌生物膜的体外活性研究 Si-Ho Kim and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag031, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag031 20 LYSC98 as a novel vancomycin-derived agent effective against antibiotic-resistant pathogens in tolerant state LYSC98作为一种新型万古霉素衍生物，对耐受状态下的耐药病原体有效 Xing Xia and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag036, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag036 21 HBV status modulates transaminase decrease after switching from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate to tenofovir alafenamide in people with HIV HIV感染者从富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯切换为丙酚替诺福韦后，HBV状态对转氨酶下降的调节作用 Giuseppe Lapadula and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag045, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag045 22 Pharmacokinetics of colistin in adult critically ill patients in South Africa 南非成人危重症患者中多黏菌素的药代动力学研究 Veshni Pillay-Fuentes Lorente and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag011, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag011 23 Antifungal susceptibility surveillance of clinical moulds to olorofim, manogepix, amphotericin B, triazoles and echinocandins at 10 tertiary hospitals in China (2019–24) 2019 - 2024年中国10家三级医院临床霉菌对奥罗芬净、马诺盖匹克斯、两性霉素B、三唑类和棘白菌素类抗真菌药的敏感性监测 Su Chen and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag016, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag016 24 Short-cycle three-day-per-week efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate therapy: a seven-year extension study 短周期每周三日依非韦伦/恩曲他滨/富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯疗法：一项为期七年的延长研究 Beatriz Borjabad and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag040, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag040 25 Risk of hypertension in people with HIV in the USA initiating modern antiretroviral regimens: pooled analysis of blood pressure data from five clinical trials 美国感染HIV者启动现代抗逆转录病毒治疗方案后患高血压的风险：五项临床试验血压数据汇总分析 Priscilla Y Hsue and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag005, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag005 26 Real-world drug monitoring of dalbavancin using a three-dose regimen of 1500mg at days 1, 15 and 43 in bone and joint or cardiovascular infection 采用第1、15和43天各1500毫克的三剂量方案对达巴万星（Dalbavancin）在骨关节或心血管感染治疗中的实际药物监测研究 Thomas Lin and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag039, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag039 27 Nationwide patterns of HIV drug resistance and high viral load in Sub-Saharan African countries 撒哈拉以南非洲国家全国范围内的HIV耐药及高病毒载量模式 Abubaker Ibrahim Elbur and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkaf497, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf497 28 Risk factors for suboptimal target attainment of commonly used ß-lactam antibiotics in older adults: a prospective cohort study 老年人常用β-内酰胺类抗生素未达最佳治疗目标的风险因素：一项前瞻性队列研究 Arnaud De Clercq and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag048, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag048 29 Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling to optimize dosing regimen of biapenem in renal impairment and elderly populations 基于生理的药代动力学模型优化肾功能不全及老年人群比阿培南给药方案 Wenyan Li and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkaf499, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf499 30 Early targeted therapy guided by rapid phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing in critically ill patients with Gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections: a retrospective cohort study 快速表型抗菌药物敏感性试验指导下的早期目标性治疗对革兰氏阴性菌血流感染危重患者的效果：一项回顾性队列研究 Salvatore Rotundo and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag056, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag056 31 Impact of COVID-19-related healthcare changes on antibiotic resistance in clinical Escherichia coli isolates: interrupted time series analyses in Scotland, UK 与新冠肺炎相关的医疗变化对英国苏格兰地区临床大肠杆菌分离株抗生素耐药性的影响：中断时间序列分析 Laura Ciaccio and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag049, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag049 32 Multicentre evaluation of teicoplanin prescribing and monitoring in the UK and Ireland: the TUcK–SHOP study 英国和爱尔兰替考拉宁处方与监测的多中心评估：TUcK–SHOP研究 Stephen Hughes and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag038, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag038 33 Diabetes and risk of significant fibrosis in adults with HIV and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a prospective cohort study 糖尿病与HIV合并代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病成人患者发生显著肝纤维化的风险：一项前瞻性队列研究 Win Min Han and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag053, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag053 34 A pharmacovigilance analysis of carbapenem-related utilizing the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database from 2013 to 2025 基于美国食品药品监督管理局不良事件报告系统（FAERS）数据库2013 - 2025年数据的碳青霉烯类相关药物警戒分析 Connor Frey and Parham Elmi Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag060, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag060 35 Effects of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on the pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration rates of vancomycin and linezolid: data from Landrace pigs 体外膜肺氧合对万古霉素和利奈唑胺药代动力学及组织穿透率的影响：来自长白猪的数据 Huifang Zhang and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag063, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag063 36 Switching to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in people with HIV and prior resistance mutations. Data from the Italian ARCA cohort: the BIC-BARRIER study. B/F/TAF switch: mutations and outcomes 在既往存在耐药突变的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者中换用比克替拉韦/恩曲他滨/丙酚替诺福韦治疗。来自意大利ARCA队列的数据：BIC-BARRIER研究。比克替拉韦/恩曲他滨/丙酚替诺福韦（B/F/TAF）换药方案：耐药突变与治疗结果 Laura Pezzati and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag035, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag035 37 A two-stage diagnostic model for discriminating and assessing risk of meropenem heteroresistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa 用于鉴别和评估铜绿假单胞菌对美罗培南异质性耐药风险的二阶段诊断模型 Yali Fan and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag061, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag061 38 Microdialysis assessment of gentamicin for second-line antimicrobial prophylaxis in abdominal surgery 微透析评估庆大霉素在腹部手术中作为二线抗菌预防药物的效果 Quentin Saint-Genis and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag071, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag071 39 Genetic and clinical predictors of voriconazole pharmacokinetics and hepatotoxicity: focused on CYP2C19 normal and intermediate metabolizers 伏立康唑药代动力学及肝毒性的遗传和临床预测因素：聚焦于CYP2C19正常代谢型和中间代谢型 Hui Li and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag065, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag065 40 Stakeholder perspectives on the offer and acceptance of self-administration of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy: a qualitative study 利益相关者对提供和接受门诊患者自行注射抗菌药物治疗的看法：一项定性研究 Hester H Stoorvogel and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag068, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag068 41 Is current guidance for cloxacillin prophylaxis dosages in hip and knee arthroplasty adequate? Evidence from a prospective Swedish cohort 当前髋关节和膝关节置换术中氯唑西林预防性用药剂量指南是否充分？来自一项前瞻性瑞典队列研究的证据 Katja Wallander and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag067, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag067 42 Effect of pretreatment HIV drug resistance on mortality, attrition and viral suppression in patients initiating antiretroviral therapy and genetic transmission network: an observational cohort study in Southwest China 治疗前HIV药物耐药性对开始接受抗逆转录病毒治疗患者的死亡率、失访率和病毒抑制率的影响以及遗传传播网络：中国西南地区一项观察性队列研究 Litai Qin and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag073, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag073 RESEARCH LETTER（研究快讯） 43 Varicella and varicella zoster virus meningoencephalitis in a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patient after chimeric antigen receptor-T-cell therapy 嵌合抗原受体T细胞疗法后，弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤患者发生水痘及水痘-带状疱疹病毒脑膜脑炎 Yan Feng and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag041, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag041 44 The ‘double hit’ on dalbavancin pharmacokinetics: hypertriglyceridaemia and augmented renal clearance in a child with glycogen storage disease type Ib 糖原累积病Ib型患儿中，高甘油三酯血症和肾清除率增加对达巴万星药代动力学的“双重打击” Bianca Monti and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag028, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag028 45 Tn7860, a novel chromosomal pseudo-compound transposon carrying the OptrA gene in Enterococcus faecalis Tn7860，粪肠球菌中携带OptrA基因的一种新型染色体假复合转座子 Francesca Romana Massacci and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag046, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag046 46 HBV reactivation after switching to cabotegravir plus rilpivirine therapy among people living with HIV: do not forget the reservoir HIV感染者换用卡博特韦（cabotegravir）联合利匹韦林（rilpivirine）治疗后乙肝病毒再激活：切勿忽视病毒储存库 Rémi Rouget and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag050, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag050 47 An inoperable mediastinal infection involving vascular graft treated with weekly oritavancin as chronic suppressive therapy. A case report with pharmacokinetic data 一例涉及血管移植物的无法手术的纵隔感染，采用每周一次的奥利万星作为慢性抑制疗法。附药代动力学数据的病例报告 Pierangelo Chinello and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag013, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag013 48 Evaluation of the Carbapenemase Detection Kit (Colloidal Gold; Macro & Micro Test): a new immunochromatographic assay for rapid detection of carbapenemases in Enterobacterales 碳青霉烯酶检测试剂盒（胶体金法；宏基因与微基因检测法）评估：一种用于快速检测肠杆菌目细菌中碳青霉烯酶的新型免疫层析法 Hippolyte De Swardt and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag066, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag066 49 Cefalexin use in UK acute pyelonephritis practice: unaddressed challenges in dosing, breakpoints and clinical evidence 头孢氨苄在英国急性肾盂肾炎治疗中的应用：给药、断点和临床证据方面尚未解决的挑战 Stephen Hughes and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag051, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag051 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR（致编辑的信） 50 Comment on: Antimicrobial use for the treatment of bacterial sexually transmitted infections among doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (DoxyPEP) users in Milan, Italy 评论：意大利米兰多西环素暴露后预防（DoxyPEP）使用者中用于治疗细菌性性传播感染的抗菌药物使用情况 Chris Kenyon Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag025, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag025 51 Possible increased risk of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) in letermovir-exposed haematopoietic cell transplantation recipients: right-to-reply 来特莫韦暴露的造血细胞移植受者发生EB病毒（EBV）感染和移植后淋巴增殖性疾病（PTLD）的风险可能增加：答复权 Jose F Camargo and Anthony D Anderson Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag043, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag043 52 Antimicrobial use for the treatment of bacterial sexually transmitted infections among doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (DoxyPEP) users in Milan, Italy—right-to-reply 意大利米兰市使用多西环素暴露后预防（DoxyPEP）人群中，用于治疗细菌性性传播感染的抗菌药物使用情况——答复权声明 Angelo Roberto Raccagni and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag026, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag026 53 Comment on: Artificial intelligence for improving decision-making in bacterial infection management 述评：人工智能在细菌感染管理决策中的优化作用 Daniele Roberto Giacobbe Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag078, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag078 CORRECTION（更正） 54 Correction to: Bayesian estimation of the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance: a mathematical modelling study 更正：抗菌药物耐药性流行率的贝叶斯估计：一项数学建模研究 Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkaf494, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf494 55 Correction to: National representative survey of pretreatment HIV drug resistance in Colombia: analysis of antiretroviral resistance-associated mutations using next-generation sequencing 更正：哥伦比亚具有全国代表性的治疗前HIV耐药性调查：使用下一代测序技术分析抗逆转录病毒耐药相关突变 Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 2026, dkag057, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag057 Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Volume 81, Issue 4抗菌化疗杂志81卷 4期 https://academic.oup.com/jac/issue 50TH ANNIVERSARY COLLECTION（50周年纪念合集） GARROD LECTURE（加罗德讲座） 1 Garrod lecture: achieving the UNGA AMR mortality reduction goals 加罗德讲座：实现联合国大会抗菌药物耐药性死亡率降低目标 Ramanan Laxminarayan Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag082, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag082 REVIEW（综述） 2 25 years of improvement in mortality in invasive aspergillosis in haematology patients: will it be sustained or is it under threat? 侵袭性曲霉病血液病患者25年死亡率改善情况：这种改善能否持续，还是正受到威胁？ Johan A Maertens and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag077, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag077 3 A strategic discovery roadmap towards high-quality leads and drug development candidates for kinetoplastid diseases. Part 2: from molecule to confirmed hit 针对锥虫病的从高质量潜在客户和药物开发候选者出发的战略发现路线图。第二部分：从分子到确证活性分子 Sarah Hendrickx and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag110, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag110 VIRTUAL ROUNDTABLE（虚拟圆桌会议） 4 Diagnosis and risk factors for invasive mould disease—a round table discussion on directing antifungal therapy according to the available evidence 侵袭性霉菌病的诊断与危险因素——根据现有证据指导抗真菌治疗的圆桌讨论 Ana Alastruey-Izqueirdo and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag062, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag062 EDITORIALS, MESSAGES FROM THE OUTGOING AND INCOMING EDITORS-IN-CHIEF（社论、离任与就任主编寄语） 5 Message from the incoming Editor-in-Chief of JAC 《抗菌化疗杂志》就任主编寄语 Monica A Slavin Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkaf479, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf479 6 Message from the outgoing Editor-in-Chief 离任主编寄语 J Peter Donnelly Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkaf480, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf480 REVIEW（综述） 7 Experimental biofilm models for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic investigations: bridging in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo systems 用于药代动力学和药效学研究的实验性生物膜模型：连接体外、离体和体内系统 Stephanie Supparitsch and Markus Zeitlinger Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag091, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag091 8 Antimicrobial therapy for infected necrotizing pancreatitis: microbiology, antimicrobial resistance and pharmacokinetics 感染性坏死性胰腺炎的抗菌治疗：微生物学、抗菌药物耐药性及药代动力学 Hannah S Pauw and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag092, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag092 9 Continuous linezolid infusion: the new way to dose, the old risks to fear 持续输注利奈唑胺：新的给药方式，仍需警惕旧有风险 Daniel Muñoz-Pichuante and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag100, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag100 10 Alignment of national standard treatment guidelines with WHO AWaRe recommendations for adult primary care infectious diseases: implications for antimicrobial stewardship 将国家标准治疗指南与世卫组织（WHO）针对成人初级保健传染病的“慎用、监测、备用”（AWaRe）推荐意见相统一：对抗菌药物管理的影响 Huda Arooj and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag099, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag099 SYSTEMATIC REVIEW（系统综述） 11 Healthcare providers’ experiences in caring for MDRO carriers with a focus on the moral dimensions of care: a systematic review 医疗服务提供者护理多重耐药菌（MDRO）携带者的经历——聚焦护理中的道德维度：一项系统综述 Carlijn Damsté and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag059, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag059 12 Extrapolation of oritavancin PK/PD targets to inform therapeutic drug monitoring: a systematic review 奥利他万星药代动力学/药效学目标的外推用以指导治疗药物监测：一项系统综述 Giammarco Baiardi and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag117, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag117 ORIGINAL RESEARCH（论著） 13 Beyond plasma: defining the translation value of epithelial lining fluid exposure profiles for the treatment of pneumonia 超越血浆：明确上皮衬里液暴露谱对肺炎治疗的转化价值 Yakun Fu and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkaf458, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf458 14 Impact of loading dose β-lactam therapy on outcomes of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections in non-ICU patients: a real world study 负荷剂量β-内酰胺类药物治疗非重症监护病房患者产KPC肺炎克雷伯菌血流感染的疗效影响：一项现实研究 Luisa Frallonardo and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag087, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag087 15 Rezafungin exhibits anti-biofilm properties against fungal biofilms in vitro 雷扎芬净在体外对真菌生物膜表现出抗生物膜特性 Hafsa Abduljalil and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag058, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag058 16 Vancomycin resistance predicts increased mortality in patients with Enterococcus faecium bloodstream infections: a six-year experience at a large tertiary care Italian hospital 万古霉素耐药性可预测屎肠球菌血流感染患者死亡率增加：意大利一家大型三级医院六年来的经验 Lucia Graziani and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag069, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag069 17 Fluoroquinolones and the risk of panic attacks: a systematic review and disproportionality analysis using individual case safety reports from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database 氟喹诺酮类药物与惊恐发作风险：基于美国食品药品监督管理局不良事件报告系统（FAERS）数据库中个体病例安全报告的系统综述和比例失衡分析 Keeirah Hiertika Raguram and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag083, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag083 18 Cefuroxime concentrations in facial artery musculomucosal flap, buccal submucosa, subcutaneous tissue, and plasma following bolus or continuous infusion in patients undergoing oral cancer resection: a randomized clinical microdialysis study 在接受口腔癌切除术的患者中，采用随机临床微透析研究，探究头孢呋辛在面动脉肌黏膜瓣、颊黏膜下层、皮下组织和血浆中的浓度（团注或持续输注后） Johanne Ravn Hansen and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag085, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag085 19 Infection point of care tests bridge the experience gap of antibiotic STOP decisions: clinicians versus students 感染即时检测可弥补抗生素停药决策方面的经验差距：临床医生与学生对比 Archit Singhal and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkaf486, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf486 20 Functional analysis of a novel macrolide–lincosamide resistance gene erm(57) in Cutibacterium avidum 痤疮丙酸杆菌中一种新型大环内酯 - 林可酰胺类耐药基因erm(57)的功能分析 Juri Koizumi and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag029, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag029 21 HIV drug resistance amongst children and adolescents with viraemia in Lesotho and Tanzania: a nested analysis in the GIVE MOVE trial 莱索托和坦桑尼亚病毒血症儿童及青少年中的HIV耐药性：GIVE MOVE试验的嵌套分析 Christof Manuel Schönenberger and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag070, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag070 22 Identification and assessment of paediatric cefepime-induced neurotoxicity in a retrospective cohort of paediatric intensive care patients 在儿科重症监护患者回顾性队列中识别和评估儿科头孢吡肟诱导的神经毒性 Kathryn Pavia and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag075, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag075 23 Prioritization of adverse events related to integrase inhibitors and NNRTIs: a disproportionality analysis using data from the FAERS database 整合酶抑制剂和非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂相关不良事件的优先级排序：基于FAERS数据库数据的比例失衡分析 Gao-yang Wang and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag074, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag074 24 Clinical and immunovirological status in children, adolescents and young adults with early-life-acquired HIV: a Spanish multi-cohort analysis since 2020 自2020年以来西班牙多队列分析中，儿童、青少年及青年时期感染HIV者的临床及免疫病毒学状态 Laura Tarancon-Diez and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag079, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag079 25 Population pharmacokinetics of meropenem in critically ill adult patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation—an ASAP ECMO study 接受体外膜肺氧合治疗的危重成年患者美罗培南的群体药代动力学——一项ASAP ECMO研究 Mohd H Abdul–Aziz and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag090, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag090 26 Evaluation of HIV-1 transmitted drug-resistance among subtypes circulating from 2022 to 2024 in Italy: a refined analysis through next-generation sequencing 2022年至2024年意大利流行HIV-1亚型间传播耐药性的评估：通过下一代测序技术进行的精细分析 Daniele Armenia and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag084, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag084 27 Characterization of efflux pump channel of florfenicol for resistance-enhancing variant RE-CmeABC in Campylobacter 耐药增强型变异体RE-CmeABC中氟苯尼考外排泵通道在弯曲菌中的特性研究 Hong Yao and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag047, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag047 28 Genomic characterization of colistin heteroresistance in Acinetobacter baumannii: Evidence for lpxD deletion and collateral sensitivity 鲍曼不动杆菌中黏菌素异质性耐药的基因组特征：lpxD缺失及附带敏感性的证据 Banu Sancak and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag076, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag076 29 Sustaining stewardship: longitudinal evaluation of an integrated antimicrobial programme in the ICU 持续管理：重症监护室（ICU）综合抗菌药物管理项目的纵向评估 Ashmitha Thomas and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag086, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag086 30 Global dissemination of optrA-mediated linezolid resistance in enterococci 利奈唑胺耐药性基因optrA介导的肠球菌在全球的传播 Jia Qi Beh and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag089, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag089 31 Predicting oral cephalosporin susceptibility in Escherichia coli blood isolates using parenteral cephalosporin susceptibility testing 利用肠外头孢菌素敏感性试验预测大肠杆菌血培养分离株对口服头孢菌素的敏感性 Tho H Pham and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag093, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag093 32 The pharmacodynamics of polymyxin B in Acinetobacter baumannii in murine thigh and lung infection models 在小鼠大腿和肺部感染模型中多粘菌素B对鲍曼不动杆菌的药效动力学研究 Sanne van den Berg and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag097, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag097 33 Genomic insights into the tmexCD-toprJ: plasmid-mediated evolution, dissemination and diversity in bacterial populations 关于tmexCD-toprJ的基因组见解：质粒介导的细菌群体进化、传播与多样性 Lilan Wan and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag107, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag107 34 Baseline resistance mutations and virological response to dolutegravir in treatment-naïve patients: a multicentre NGS study 初治患者基线耐药突变与多替拉韦病毒学应答：一项多中心下一代测序（NGS）研究 Alexy Inciarte and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag080, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag080 35 Novel integrase mutations linked to genotypic DTG resistance in African non-B HIV-1 strains: the DTG RESIST study 非洲非B型HIV-1毒株中与多替拉韦（DTG）基因型耐药相关的新型整合酶突变：DTG耐药研究 Nuri Han and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag088, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag088 36 Pharmacological evaluation of an ex vivo cervicovaginal HIV prevention model 体外宫颈阴道HIV预防模型的药理学评估 Lindsey B Collins and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag103, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag103 37 The magnitude of the pharmacodynamic index for NOSO-502: pathogen clearance, emergence of resistance and human dose predictions NOSO-502药效学指数的幅度：病原体清除、耐药性出现和人体剂量预测 Sanne van den Berg and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag106, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag106 38 Temocillin: a therapeutic alternative in bone and joint infections due to third generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales? 替莫西林：治疗第三代头孢菌素耐药肠杆菌目引起的骨关节感染的一种替代疗法？ Louise Piquart and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag105, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag105 39 Metallo-β-lactamase–producing Enterobacterales: cyanide-containing efflux pump inhibitors as potential dual-activity inhibitors 产金属β-内酰胺酶的肠杆菌科细菌：含氰化物的外排泵抑制剂作为潜在的双活性抑制剂 Otávio Hallal Ferreira Raro and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag122, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag122 40 Outer membrane vesicles transmit blaNDM-5 and package metallo-β-lactamases to promote antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli 外膜囊泡传递blaNDM-5并包装金属β-内酰胺酶以促进大肠杆菌的抗生素耐药性 Ting-Yin Lu and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag123, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag123 41 Characterization of a ST412-K57 colistin-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strain of chicken origin 一株鸡源ST412-K57多粘菌素耐药高毒力肺炎克雷伯菌的特征分析 Qiu Xu and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag114, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag114 42 Olorofim in combination with azole antifungals: results from the Phase 2 salvage therapy study 奥罗芬明与唑类抗真菌药联合使用：2期挽救治疗研究结果 Johan Maertens and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag118, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag118 RESEARCH LETTER（研究快讯） 43 Infant HIV transmission despite maternal viral suppression: a case of post-weaning seroconversion 母体病毒得到抑制，婴儿仍发生HIV传播：一例断奶后血清转阳病例 Shadia Nakalema and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag072, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag072 44 Urinary antigen–negative Legionella pneumonia in critically ill patients: value of systematic molecular testing for optimal antimicrobial therapy 危重患者中尿抗原阴性军团菌肺炎：系统分子检测在优化抗菌治疗中的价值 Livia Foglia Manzillo and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag101, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag101 45 Contribution of SHV-1 overexpression to carbapenem resistance in a Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolate SHV-1过表达对某株肺炎克雷伯菌临床分离株碳青霉烯类抗生素耐药性的影响 Céline Plainvert and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag108, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag108 LETTER TO THE EDITOR（致编辑的信） 46 Comment on: Possible increased risk of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) in letermovir-exposed haematopoietic cell transplantation recipients 评论：接受莱特莫韦治疗的造血细胞移植受者中，EB病毒（EBV）感染和移植后淋巴增殖性疾病（PTLD）的风险可能增加 Jan Styczynski Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag042, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag042 47 Comment on: Antimicrobial use for the treatment of bacterial sexually transmitted infections among doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis users in Milan, Italy 评论：意大利米兰地区使用多西环素暴露后预防措施人群中针对细菌性性传播感染的抗菌药物使用情况 Luca Bortolani and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag023, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag023 48 Retrospective analysis of pharmacological therapeutic monitoring of caspofungin in patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy using polyacrylonitrile membranes—right to reply 使用聚丙烯腈膜进行连续肾脏替代治疗的患者中卡泊芬净药物治疗监测的回顾性分析——答复权 Antoine Hérault and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag095, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag095 49 Comment on: Temocillin versus other intravenous beta-lactams for urinary tract infections caused by third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales: a multicentre retrospective matched-cohort study 评论：替莫西林与其他静脉注射β-内酰胺类抗生素治疗第三代头孢菌素耐药肠杆菌目引起的尿路感染：一项多中心回顾性匹配队列研究 Shanshan Ru and Yingzhe Zhang Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag096, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag096 50 Comment on: Long-acting glycopeptides: what are the barriers to access in patients who need them most, and how can they be overcome? 评论：长效糖肽类抗生素：对于最需要它们的患者，获取的障碍是什么，如何克服？ Marco Bongiovanni Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag102, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag102 51 Comment on ‘Retrospective analysis of pharmacological therapeutic monitoring of caspofungin in patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy using polyacrylonitrile membranes’ 评论：“对使用聚丙烯腈膜进行连续肾脏替代治疗的患者中卡泊芬净的药理学治疗监测的回顾性分析” Julien Massol and Frédéric Baud Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag094, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag094 52 Comment on: ‘Epidemiology and treatment of endocarditis secondary to Enterobacterales other than Serratia spp’ 对“除塞拉蒂亚属（Serratia spp）外肠杆菌目所致心内膜炎的流行病学和治疗”的评论 Gianpiero Tebano and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag098, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag098 53 ‘Comparing serotype coverage of pneumococcal vaccines with PCV21 (V116), a new 21-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine, and the epidemiology of its eight unique Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes (15A, 15C, 16F, 23A, 23B, 24F, 31 and 35B) causing invasive pneumococcal disease in adult patients in Canada: SAVE study, 2018–2021-right-to-reply’ “比较肺炎球菌疫苗的血清型覆盖率——PCV21（V116，一种新型21价结合肺炎球菌疫苗）与加拿大成人患者中导致侵袭性肺炎球菌疾病的其8种独特肺炎链球菌血清型（15A、15C、16F、23A、23B、24F、31和35B）的流行病学：SAVE研究，2018 - 2021年——回应” John J Schellenberg and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag126, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag126 54 Comment on: Antagonistic in vitro interaction between olorofim and voriconazole against Aspergillus fumigatus 评论：奥罗芬明与伏立康唑对烟曲霉的体外拮抗作用 Corinne Pinder and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag119, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag119 55 Epidemiology and treatment of endocarditis secondary to Enterobacterales other than Serratia spp.: right-to-reply 除塞氏杆菌属外肠杆菌科细菌所致心内膜炎的流行病学和治疗：回应 Sunish Shah and others Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 81, Issue 4, April 2026, dkag121, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkag121

2026-04-02

·华津生物

肾小管类器官：从疾病模型到转化应用的现状与进展

点击蓝字关注“华津生物” 近期， Pharmaceutics期刊发表了题为“Translational Potential of Kidney Tubuloids in Precision Nephrology and Drug Development”的综述文章。该文由韩国全北国立大学Kim Hyung-Ryong教授团队完成，系统阐述了肾小管类器官（Tubuloids）在精准肾病学与药物研发领域的研究进展与转化潜力。综述指出，多能干细胞来源的肾脏类器官在模拟肾脏发育和疾病方面取得了一定进展，但其细胞异质性、小管成熟度不足及可扩展性有限等问题，对转化应用造成了一定制约。相比之下，肾小管类器官——源自成人肾脏上皮、尿液或诱导多能干细胞——在高纯度培养、稳定扩增和患者特异性表型保留方面表现出一定优势，成为连接基础研究与临床应用的可选平台之一。基于该综述的框架与观点，本文聚焦肾小管类器官的技术特征、工程改进及其在精准医学中的初步应用。肾小管类器官：传统模型的补充选项传统肾脏类器官能够模拟肾小球和小管结构，但培养产物中常混有间质、神经等非上皮细胞，且功能成熟度有限。相比之下，肾小管类器官在以下几个方面表现出不同特点：来源多样。可从成人肾活检组织、尿液脱落细胞或诱导多能干细胞（iPSC）衍生获得。其中尿液来源具有无创、可重复采样的特点，降低了样本获取的门槛。上皮纯度较高。与传统肾脏类器官相比，类肾小管的非上皮细胞成分较少，便于进行极性转运和屏障功能的相关实验。患者特异性保留。来源于个体的类器官能够稳定遗传供体的基因变异和部分疾病表型，为疾病建模提供了可供选择的实验体系。根据综述中提供的对比数据，组织来源肾小管类器官的关键转运体表达水平约为成人肾脏的50%~90%，跨上皮电阻在200~800 Ω·cm²范围内，高于传统多能干细胞（PSC）来源肾类器官（通常低于100 Ω·cm²）。但该综述同时指出，这些数值因培养方案和实验室条件而异，不宜作为绝对标准。（点击可放大）表1. 通过对比天然人肾组织、肾小管类器官、多能干细胞来源肾类器官等四种模型，显示肾小管类器官在转运体表达和屏障功能上最接近成人肾脏水平。工程技术创新：提升类器官的生理相关性静态培养难以完全模拟体内肾小管所处的生物力学环境。综述介绍了五类工程技术在提升肾小管类器官生理相关性方面的应用：微流控与器官芯片整合。通过施加约0.2~1 dyn/cm²的剪切应力，微流控系统可促进上皮极化、紧密连接形成以及转运体（如SGLT2、OCT2、P-gp）的定位。研究显示，灌流条件下的肾小管模型对顺铂、庆大霉素等药物的反应模式与传统静态培养有所不同，剂量-反应关系的准确性也有所提高。半透膜与“三明治”培养。Transwell或ECM夹心系统实现了顶底侧的选择性给药，可用于定量测量跨上皮电阻和溶质转运。这种2.5D单层结构保留了小管上皮的部分特征，同时便于进行标准化的药物转运和毒性评估。细胞外囊泡介导的成熟。来自成熟肾小管上皮细胞的EVs携带HGF、BMP7及miR-200家族等分子。实验数据显示，EV处理后的类器官中SGLT2、OAT1/3、AQP1等蛋白表达有所上调，白蛋白重吸收能力和药物敏感性也更接近成人水平。基因编辑与遗传工程。CRISPR/Cas9技术可在iPSC阶段或直接在类器官中进行编辑。PKD1/2敲除后类器官出现囊肿形成，这一表型与多囊肾病特征一致；SLC12A1、CLCNKB等基因编辑则用于模拟Bartter和Gitelman综合征的部分表型。这些模型可用于功能验证部分临床意义未明的基因变异。计算与多组学整合。单细胞转录组学、蛋白质组学数据可与AI模型结合，用于评估类器官的细胞组成和分化状态。通过单细胞测序对类器官进行基准测试，研究者能够识别非目标细胞类型并据此调整培养条件。（点击可放大）图1.肾小管类器官的五大工程技术创新方向：微流控芯片、半透膜培养、细胞外囊泡诱导成熟、基因编辑以及多组学计算分析，这些技术共同用于提升类器官的构建效率与功能成熟度。精准医学应用：初步探索与验证肾小管类器官的转化潜力已在以下几个方向进行了初步验证：患者来源疾病模型。CD24+细胞来源的常染色体显性多囊肾病类器官在基因敲除后出现囊肿形成，并对托伐普坦表现出基因型特异性反应。在该实验中，传统PSC类器官未呈现相同的药效反应，提示患者来源类器官在药物分层研究中可能具有独特价值。药物肾毒性评估。顺铂处理可诱导类器官中γH2AX、KIM-1表达上调及caspase-3活化；反复暴露则与p16/p21表达升高和部分纤维化相关基因上调有关。多参数检测（包括转运体功能、屏障完整性、多组学损伤特征）为毒性筛查提供了多种可选的评估指标。复杂病理生理建模。集合管来源类器官表达AQP2和V2R，对去氨加压素有反应，并表现出阿米洛利敏感的钠转运。这些特征可用于水盐平衡相关疾病（如肾性尿崩症）的研究。生物样本库与个性化测试。建立覆盖不同CKD阶段、遗传背景和种族的类器官生物库，结合临床数据和高通量检测平台，可用于个体化药物反应评估和剂量优化的探索性研究。（点击可放大）图2. 肾小管类器官的四大应用领域：疾病建模、药物肾毒性评估、精准医学个体化筛选以及再生修复研究。（点击可放大）图3. 基于肾小管类器官的药物肾毒性评估体系，通过整合多种生物标志物和功能指标，实现对候选药物肾毒性的多维度检测。挑战与待解决问题综述指出，肾小管类器官的临床转化仍面临若干技术和方法学障碍：功能成熟度有限。静态培养条件下缺乏剪切应力、氧/代谢物梯度以及血管和免疫微环境。目前的技术方案尚不能完全模拟体内肾小管的全部功能特征，需要结合灌流、共培养和生物物理刺激等手段进一步改进。供体变异客观存在。来源于老年或慢性病患者的类器官在增殖能力、代谢状态和药物反应上可能存在固有差异。这一因素需要在实验设计和数据解读中加以考虑。实验室间差异明显。不同研究者在培养基成分、传代方法、基质胶批次等方面存在差异，导致结果可比性受限。目前该领域尚缺乏统一的培养方案和质控标准。监管与伦理问题。患者来源样本涉及知情同意和隐私保护；基因编辑类器官的临床应用需要额外的伦理审查。总结肾小管类器官在来源多样性、上皮纯度和患者特异性保留方面具有一定优势，已在疾病建模、毒性测试和药物筛选中得到初步应用。同时，该技术体系在功能成熟度、标准化和临床转化路径上仍面临多项待解决问题。综述提出的方向包括：结合工程平台提升成熟度、利用多组学数据指导优化、以及建立标准化方案以推动应用。参考文献： Hossain MK, Lee HY, Kim HR. Translational Potential: Kidney Tubuloids in Precision Medicine and Regenerative Nephrology. Pharmaceutics. 2026 Jan 23;18(2):147. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics18020147. END 关于我们深圳华津生物科技有限公司致力于提升肾脏疾病研究和肾药开发创新水平。公司与全球最顶尖的干细胞再生医学领域科学家合作，聚焦iPSC来源肾脏细胞、肾类器官、肾类器官芯片及高仿生模拟物平台的打造，为肾脏疾病科研和肾脏药物发现提供最前沿的技术服务和整体解决方案。公司目前已经建立了Kidnioid®技术平台，其中包括iPSC细胞库、肾类器官及心脏类器官分化技术平台、肾脏类器官疾病模型库，肾类器官芯片平台、动物肾脏疾病模型、分子/蛋白平台、病理平台以及肾类器官培养、分化试剂盒产品等一整套为肾脏疾病研究和肾药开发的完善体系。目前已经为国内众多临床肾病科、大学、科研院所及药企提供产品和技术服务，赢得了客户的信任，已经成为国内肾脏类器官技术平台领头羊。华津肾类器官平台解决方案 Our Solutions 高度模拟人体生理环境：能够高度贴近人体的真实生理反应，更准确的药物毒性预测。显著降本增效：大幅削减了药物开发的实验成本与研发周期。契合伦理趋势：顺应全球减少动物实验的大势。（点击查看大图）联系我们 Contact Us 欢迎与我们联系，了解更多肾类器官在药物研发与肾毒性测试中的应用！地址广东省深圳市龙华区观澜银星智界2期A座11楼官方网址 www.nephromedicine.com 联系电话商务支持 17276665437（李先生）技术支持 18843183823（田先生）入群/投稿 13686113433（谭女士）商务客服1 商务客服2 技术客服添加客服小助理，了解更多内容扫码关注华津生物的官方微信求点赞求分享求喜欢

2026-04-01

·健康界

国家卫生健康委在线访谈 | “全民科学爱耳，共护听力健康”在线访谈

全民科学爱耳，共护听力健康全民科学爱耳，共护听力健康(标清)主要内容：耳与听力健康是贯穿全生命周期的重要组成部分，不仅影响儿童言语发育、青少年社会融入、中青年职业发展，也与老年人生活质量和认知功能密切相关。国家卫生健康委高度重视耳科疾病防治，将耳与听力健康工作纳入《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》、“十四五”国民健康规划。会同中国残联等部门印发实施《关于推进耳与听力健康工作的指导意见》，努力维护人民群众耳与听力健康。但是，社会对耳与听力健康的重视程度不高。部分群众认为耳病不致命而忽视就诊，职业人群面临的噪声危害突出，许多青少年长时间高音量使用耳机或暴露于娱乐噪声环境等，社会公众保护听力意识和健康知识欠缺。本次访谈遴选了常见的11个问题，通过专家访谈的形式，向公众传播科学、权威的爱耳护耳知识。嘉宾：殷善开全国防聋治聋技术指导组副组长、上海市第六人民医院原院长王海波全国防聋治聋技术指导组副组长、山东省耳鼻喉医院名誉院长杨扬北京儿童医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科科室副主任主持人：大家好！这里是国家卫生健康委在线访谈栏目。欢迎您的关注！健康是人民幸福和社会发展的基础，党和政府高度重视人民健康，大力推进健康中国建设，我们每个人也要负起对健康的责任，做自己健康的第一责任人，树立正确的健康观念，践行健康的生活方式。耳朵是我们感知世界、沟通交流的重要窗口，听力健康更是关乎每个人的生活质量与身心健康。随着生活方式的变化，噪声污染、不当用耳等问题，让我们的听力健康面临不少挑战。今天我们特别邀请到听力健康领域的几位专家，围绕爱耳护耳、科学用耳以及听力问题诊断和预防等大家关心的相关问题展开讲解，为大家送上实用的听力健康知识。他们是全国防聋治聋技术指导组副组长、上海市第六人民医院原院长殷善开教授；殷善开：主持人好，大家好。主持人：全国防聋治聋技术指导组副组长、山东省耳鼻喉医院名誉院长王海波教授；王海波：主持人好，大家好！主持人：以及北京儿童医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科科室副主任杨扬教授。杨扬：主持人好，大家好！主持人：欢迎三位专家。首先我们来谈一谈，日常生活中，听力受损通常会有哪些具体表现，方便大家及时发现呢？这个问题我们请全国防聋治聋技术指导组副组长、山东省耳鼻喉医院名誉院长王海波王教授回答。王海波：主持人好，观众朋友们好。听力下降往往是悄无声息的。我们在临床上经常听到家属抱怨：“我家上高中的孩子最近脾气有点怪，叫他也不理睬人”。其实，这不是脾气变了，而是耳朵听不清了。主要有几个典型信号：一是大嗓门，自己说话声音不自觉变大，常被家人提醒；二是爱打岔，日常交流经常要求别人重复，尤其是在菜市场、餐厅这种嘈杂环境里，别人正常说话他听不清，甚至答非所问；三是看电视、刷手机时频繁调高音量，甚至要靠看字幕才能明白；四是经常听不到手机的铃声、门铃声；五是频繁出现“嗡嗡”或“蝉鸣”样的耳鸣。一旦发现家里人或者自己有这些小细节，就要警惕听力问题了。主持人：感谢您的解答。看来听力下降的过程往往较为隐蔽，很容易被大家忽视或误判，请大家一定警惕以上的反馈信号。如果发现自身听力异常，又该采取哪些正确的应对措施呢？接下来有请全国防聋治聋技术指导组副组长、上海市第六人民医院原院长殷善开殷教授为大家解答。殷善开：耳聋防治的核心其实就是6个字——“早诊断、早干预”。往往人们有个心态，“挺一挺就好了”。这个心态是要不得的，这样的例子在临床上可以说是比比皆是。刚才前面王教授提到突发性的耳聋，突发性耳聋就经常会有这样的正面和反面的典型。比如说一位患者，刚出现耳鸣，就及时到医院就诊，经过输液、口服药物等等综合治疗，半个月左右他的听力就基本上恢复了。而往往另外一种人他就觉得耳闷，可能是“上火”了，可能最近有点累，在自己家可能也不知道什么途径买了一点药吃上去，拖了很长时间才就诊，错过了最佳的治疗时间窗口，也就是从患者感觉到明显的听力下降，耳鸣、耳闷、眩晕的那一刻开始算，72小时之内，错过了这个最佳的治疗窗口，最终很多患者的听力就难以挽回。因此，如果发现听力下降，第一时间要去医院的耳鼻咽喉科做一个全面的听力测试，鉴别是什么原因引起的耳聋。很多耳聋是可以治疗好的，比如说中耳炎，你遵照医嘱，用一些药物，甚至通过手术都可以解决耳聋的问题；如果是神经性的，不可逆的听力下降，如果需要佩戴助听器就尽快配；甚至重度、极重度的耳聋，也就是在耳旁大声呼叫也不能够有反应的耳聋的患者，还可以考虑做人工耳蜗植入手术。总之一句，越早把耳朵交给专业医生，保住听力的希望就越大。主持人：感谢您的解答。再次提醒大家，听力异常一定要遵循早诊断、早干预的原则。接下来想请教一下王教授，听力问题中还有突发性聋这类的急症，很多朋友想了解：突发性聋具体有哪些临床表现？临床上又有哪些情况容易导致它被漏诊呢？有请王教授。王海波：突发性聋简单说就是突然发生的听力下降，通常是单侧耳朵，少数人双侧都会受影响，典型特征是“72小时内”突然听不清，比如前一天还好好的，第二天起床就觉得声音模糊，甚至是完全听不见了。除了听力下降，常见的表现还有耳朵发闷、有堵塞感，就像耳朵里塞了棉花；有的人还会伴有持续性或间歇性耳鸣；甚至一部分人会头晕、恶心，天旋地转的感觉，严重的会因为无法保持平衡而影响走路。容易漏诊的情况有这么几种：一是只关注头晕，忽略了听力问题，很多人突然头晕恶心，会以为是颈椎病、肠胃炎，跑到其它学科看病，而忘了查耳朵，其实突发性聋常伴随着眩晕的这样一种现象；二是觉得耳鸣是小问题，有些人事先只有耳鸣，过了一两天才出现听力下降，一开始就没当回事，等听力明显了变差才去就诊，耽误了最佳治疗时间；三是单侧听力下降没察觉，平时听声音靠双侧耳朵，一侧听力下降了，另一侧还能代偿，日常交流没有太大问题，就容易造成忽略，等发现时已经错过了好的治疗时机。所以只要出现突然的耳鸣、耳闷、头晕，哪怕听力没有明显的变化，也建议到耳鼻喉科去检查一下。主持人：感谢您的解答。大家都知道，耳健康与儿童的言语、认知发育息息相关，很多家长也对儿童分泌性中耳炎有诸多问题，想知道要如何科学预防，对应的规范治疗方法又有哪些？这个问题我们请北京儿童医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科科室副主任杨扬教授为大家解答。杨扬：儿童分泌性中耳炎，其实很多家长可能对这个病并不陌生，都听说过，但是也有不太清楚具体是什么。简单地说，它就好像孩子耳朵里积了水，虽然不流脓、不发烧，但是会导致听力轻度的下降，就像隔着一层水在听声音。预防和治好分泌性中耳炎，实际上是关系到孩子将来听力好不好的一件大事。举个门诊的例子，有一个小男孩上课总溜号，看电视声音也调得震天响，起初家长和老师都以为他得了“多动症”或者是不专心，结果带他来医院一检查，就是分泌性中耳炎，孩子耳朵听声音感觉就像隔着一层水，耳朵闷闷的，根本听不清楚。预防它的关键就是防感冒、治鼻炎，因为小孩子的咽鼓管——我们叫鼻子和中耳的管道——又短又平，一旦发生感冒，鼻炎或者腺样体肥大，鼻涕和细菌都很容易逆流到中耳引起积水。但是如果确诊了，家长其实也不用心慌，早期听从医生的建议，用一些鼻喷剂、促排药物，或者大一点的孩子嚼嚼口香糖，促进吞咽，改善通气，一般积水都能够吸收。但是如果积水持续几个月都不好，影响孩子听力了，我们医生就会建议在耳朵的耳膜上打个小孔，放个微型的通气管，目的就是帮助积液排出，让孩子能够听得清楚。这个通气管通常在半年或一年的时间可以自行排出，不用刻意去取出，也不用全麻去取出。在整个过程当中，最重要的就是要听从医生的指导，定期复查听力，确保我们孩子的听力完全康复。主持人：感谢杨教授的解答。刚才我们重点关注了儿童耳部健康，其实现实生活中不少老年人也深受听力下降的困扰。从医学专业角度看，老年人听力下降的主要原因有哪些？有请殷教授给大家解答。殷善开：老年性的听力损失，我们可以比喻为用久了的机器总会磨损，就像头发会变白一样，是一个自然老化的过程。我们耳朵里有一个人体最精密的一个部件，称之为“耳蜗”。耳蜗里面长着成千上万的感受听觉信息的听觉毛细胞，随着年龄的增长，这些毛细胞会逐渐的老化、脱落，尤其是负责听高音部分的，音频比较高的这样的细胞它往往是最先受损的，因此我们在临床或者生活当中经常能够看到老年人说，我能听见你们讲话出声，但就是听不清说的是啥词儿。因为言语当中的辅音多是高频音，由于感知高频的听觉的毛细胞更容易受损，因此在老年早期这些毛细胞的受损就造成了高频音的感受不良。因此简单地说就称之为听得见，但听不懂。此外也就是很多其它的原因，比如说老年人在一生积累过程当中，由于各种原因，比如外伤、感染等等的这些疾病造成的这种不可逆的听力损坏，也会延迟到老年期。另外老年人往往伴有高血压、糖尿病等等全身各系统的疾病，而这一疾病往往也会影响到耳朵的微循环的供应，也就是耳朵里供血不好，或者年轻时候受过噪声伤害等等，这些都可以让这种原本自然老化的过程提前或者加速，或者变得更加严重。主持人：感谢您的解答。现如今，职业人群健康防护备受关注。不少在噪声环境作业的年轻职工，即便企业配发耳塞、耳罩等防护用品，但仍会因为佩戴不规范、怕闷热、图省事而未正确地使用，早早出现噪声性听力损伤。面对职业性噪声聋防治这一现实难题，想请教一下殷教授，您有什么看法和建议呢？殷善开：各位朋友，其实刚才主持人提到的这个问题非常普遍。我们在既往的团队长达10多年的噪音作业环境下的人群跟踪和随访，以及我们门诊当中经常会碰到这样的例子。一个年纪轻轻20多岁的小伙子，他们在噪声环境下作业，比如说冲压车间，企业往往会给他们发防噪的耳罩或者耳塞，但是确实，在夏天的时候戴着有些闷热，而且戴上耳塞或者耳罩之后跟工友说话也不会那么方便，因此他们就经常摘下来。结果年轻人干了不到两到三年就开始整天有耳鸣，在健康体检或者是到医院就诊的过程当中，听力一查，高频听力损失甚至已经到了不可逆的严重损伤，迄今为止还没有特别好的办法能够让它逆转，非常可惜。其实解决这个问题可能需要全方位、多维度的关注，除了政府的大力支持、监管，也需要企业和员工的“双管齐下”，一方面就是企业不仅是要配发，还需要尽可能考虑配发让员工的体验感更好一点的防护装备，因此采购舒适度高、透气性好，或者是带有即时对讲功能的这样一些专业护具，有可能会通过提升员工的体验度、来增加他们的佩戴率，从而提升防护的效果，同时也要真正的把职业健康的体检落到实处。除了常规的几大体检之外，在噪声作业下的这些工人，每半年或者每一年至少要做一次听力的检测。另外一方面，我们也再次呼吁，我们的员工也需要转变观念，千万不要觉得听力受损是老了以后的事，千万不要为了那么一点点的体验不良而损失了对我们宝贵的听力的这样一个保护。噪声对耳朵的伤害是“温水煮青蛙”，除了对噪声特别敏感的人群，多数都是在长时间、高强度的基础噪声之后会造成听力毛细胞大面积的死亡，而这种死亡是无法重生的。一定要牢记上班要戴好耳塞，遵守操作规范，这也是对所有在噪声作业环境下的工人健康一种最好的负责任的态度。主持人：感谢您的解答。相较于职业噪声，娱乐噪声对青少年听力的危害也令人担忧。如今青少年面临的娱乐噪声主要来源有哪些？又该如何最大程度降低这些噪声对听力的伤害呢？接下来，我们请杨教授为大家支支招。杨扬：现在孩子们的娱乐方式真的是非常丰富，但是其中所蕴藏的噪声陷阱确实也很多，比如说长时间的高音量打电竞类的游戏、听重低音的音乐，还有比如去演唱会或者电影院去看大片，很震撼。但是在这些场景下，它的音响分贝有的时候能达到100分贝以上，这种情况是极易造成我们的听力损伤的。减少的方法，首先就需要控制我们耳机的音量和使用时间，尽量给孩子买头戴式的耳机或者降噪耳机，这样就不会为了盖过周围的环境音而刻意把音量开得特别大。二是如果带孩子去那种嘈杂的环境，比如说演唱会或者游乐场，最好还是给他备一副隔音的耳塞，这样能大幅度滤过掉这种有害的高分贝的噪音。三是如果孩子去完这种吵闹的场所之后，回来就开始说耳朵发闷，有“滋滋”的声音，需要他在安静的环境下立刻休息，如果第二天早上起来还不缓解，就需要带他到医院及时的就医。主持人：感谢您的解答。我们之前谈到，听力健康对儿童生长发育密切相关，其实对于老年人来说听力健康同样很重要。想请问一下王教授，老年人听力下降，除了影响日常沟通交流，还会带来哪些影响呢？王海波：确实是这样。严重听力下降对人的健康影响是多方面的，也是深远的。门诊里我们经常看到的原本是性格开朗的老人，因为听不到别人讲话，也插不上嘴，所以就慢慢变得不爱出门，沉默寡言，甚至出现了抑郁的症状。更可怕的是对大脑认知功能的影响，现代医学研究已经证实，长期的重度听力损失会大大增加老年人患痴呆的这种风险，因为听不到声音，大脑缺乏听觉的刺激，也会出现加速退化这样一种现象。我们曾给一位被家人怀疑是“早期阿尔茨海默病”的老人配了助听器，半年后复查，老人变得爱说爱笑，记性也显得好多了。所以，干预听力，其实也在保护老人的大脑和心理健康。主持人：感谢您的解答。看来，听力下降对老年人身心健康影响很大。想再问一下王教授，很多家属都关心助听器到底有没有用？像不少老人配了却不愿戴、又戴不习惯，这背后主要原因是什么呢？又该怎么做，才能让老人戴得好、戴得习惯呢？王海波：因为现在对于神经性耳聋来讲还没有非常有效的药物治疗，助听器对于辅助提高听力是非常有用的。你刚才提到的“戴着不舒服，放抽屉”的现象确实是非常的常见，这主要是因为老人的期望值和适应过程出现了一个偏差。就像常年在黑暗的房间里，突然走到太阳底下会觉得刺眼一样，老人的大脑习惯了平时安静的这种情况，戴上助听器以后，平时听不见的一些杂音，比如冰箱制冷的声音、脚步声都会出现了，就会觉得太吵了。那么，要想戴着习惯，必须循序渐进。第一个就是助听器应当去专业的机构来进行验配，不能随便买一个凑合，因为现在的助听器都已经是非常发达了，他要适应每一个病人，不同的听力损失的频率和程度来进行精确的调控，这样戴上助听器才会是比较合适的。第二，要有一个“适应期”，开始时每天佩戴时间少一些，逐渐延长佩戴的时间，先在安静环境下适应，逐渐地过渡到去超市、菜市场等嘈杂环境。家属也要多给老人鼓励和耐心，帮他们度过这样的一磨合期。所以还是建议一旦配上助听器，要学会适应它，同时要学会爱护它、保养它，不断去调整它，只有这样，才能做到非常的合适，才能达到最佳的助听的效果。主持人：感谢王教授的解答。通过专家们的回答，大家可以看出，听力问题对不同年龄段的人群都有影响，那么日常生活中，针对不同人群，我们该如何预防和延缓听力下降呢？有请杨教授为大家解答。杨扬：针对不同人群可能侧重不一样。比如对于年轻人和孩子来讲，特别要强调合理使用耳机。我们遇到不少中小学生晚上戴着耳机，听着音乐就睡着了，一听就是一整夜，第二天早上起来耳朵就开始“嗡嗡”响。所以在这里我们要特别牢记“60-60”原则，两个60。第一个60就是耳机的音量不超过最大音量的60%；第二个60%就是连续佩戴时间不超过60分钟。对于成年人和老人来讲，首先还是要控制好高血压、糖尿病等这种慢性的基础性疾病，刚才殷教授也提到了，这些情况会影响到我们内耳的微循环。其次，千万不要用硬物比如发卡、铁制的挖耳勺频繁挖耳朵，容易引发耳道一些真菌的感染。最后还是要慎用一些耳毒性的药物，比如庆大霉素这些抗生素。主持人：最后一个问题想问一下殷教授。随着新技术快速发展和临床研究不断突破，耳聋基因治疗、生物制剂等新疗法、新药物逐渐走进大众视野。这些前沿技术与最新研究成果，究竟能为耳科疾病患者带来怎样的前景与希望呢？殷善开：这是一个非常振奋人心的话题，讲起来可能篇幅比较长。但简而言之，现在的耳科技术正在经历着一次质的飞跃。以前我们更多是给耳朵用药、做手术，在药物和手术治疗都无效的情况下做补救，比如说佩戴助听器。现在的新技术正在让我们走向从根源上让功能再生的新的事情。第一，耳聋基因的治疗让我们看到了治本的希望。大家都知道，以往遗传性耳聋是无药可治的，最近大家可以很欣喜地看到，有很多临床实验取得了重大的突破，科学家们把正常基因的补丁植入孩子的内耳，已经成功的让多名患儿恢复了自然的听力。虽然目前只有少数特定的基因类型的耳聋能够通过这种方法去得到根治，并且好多还处在临床实验阶段，但至少这让我们看到了一线的曙光，证明遗传性聋是有可能被治愈的。第二就是很多新型生物制剂的出现，让慢性、难治性的耳部炎症有了精准治疗的新手段。而这些生物制剂不同于以往的抗生素或者激素，它可以针对疾病发生的最关键的环节进行更针对性的治疗。目前它主要用来治疗一些以往很头痛的一些慢性、难治性的中耳炎，比如伴有鼻息肉的、鼻窦炎的这些中耳炎，我们受到鼻部炎症的影响，中耳的炎症就非常难以处理。现在有了新的生物制剂，新的生物制剂已有证据证明它们能够很好地控制、精准地控制这些炎症，这样就可以减少很多原本需要做手术的患者、家庭和社会带来的负担，也更好地保护听力。通过一些药物，甚至一些防护的装置来解决造成损伤的保护也正在加紧研究之中。因此，在这样一个时刻和时代，我想我们有责任提醒大家。实际上除了前面说的新技术，包括干细胞、毛细胞的再生，人工智能等在内的未来的蓝图，可能会很大程度上改变我们现在的诊疗手段、方式和效果，但依然还处在实验和探索阶段，距离大规模的普及还需要时间。当然，面对这些临床上治疗技术的疾病，我们也不能被动等待未来的新技术，而是要抓好现在。我想，充分的利用好我们前面提到的各种各样的预防听力损失、诊断和治疗听力损失的各种诊断和措施，也呼吁大家关注一些新技术的临床应用，让我们的未来变得更加的美好。我们要更加注重听力的保护和耳病的预防，尤其是有了疾病一定要早诊断、早治疗。目前成熟的规范化诊疗、助听及人工耳蜗技术依然是我们维护听力健康的重要基石。主持人：感谢您的解答。全民科学爱耳，共护听力健康，守护听力，重在行动。从儿童健康成长，到老年人安享晚年；从职业防护细节，到日常用耳习惯，人生每一阶段、每一类人群的听力健康，都值得我们用心关注、悉心守护。好了，本期的节目到这里又要和大家说再见了。再次感谢三位专家的解答，也感谢您对节目的关注。我们下期再见！

100 项与硫酸庆大霉素相关的药物交易

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外链

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D01063	硫酸庆大霉素	S02AA14 J01GB03 S03AA06	DB00798

研发状态

批准上市

10 条最早获批的记录,

后查看更多信息

适应症	国家/地区	公司	日期
细菌感染	中国	宜昌人福药业有限责任公司	1981-01-01
脓皮症	日本	Takata Seiyaku Co., Ltd.	1970-06-01
继发感染	日本	Takata Seiyaku Co., Ltd.	1970-06-01
烧伤	日本	Takata Seiyaku Co., Ltd.	1968-02-23
膀胱炎	日本	Takata Seiyaku Co., Ltd.	1968-02-23
出血性败血症	日本	Takata Seiyaku Co., Ltd.	1968-02-23
中耳炎	日本	Takata Seiyaku Co., Ltd.	1968-02-23
腹膜炎	日本	Takata Seiyaku Co., Ltd.	1968-02-23
肾盂肾炎	日本	Takata Seiyaku Co., Ltd.	1968-02-23

未上市

10 条进展最快的记录,

后查看更多信息

适应症	最高研发状态	国家/地区	公司	日期
感染	临床3期	澳大利亚	Innocoll Pharmaceuticals Ltd.	2015-06-01
感染	临床3期	奥地利	Innocoll Pharmaceuticals Ltd.	2015-06-01
感染	临床3期	比利时	Innocoll Pharmaceuticals Ltd.	2015-06-01
感染	临床3期	捷克	Innocoll Pharmaceuticals Ltd.	2015-06-01
感染	临床3期	丹麦	Innocoll Pharmaceuticals Ltd.	2015-06-01
感染	临床3期	德国	Innocoll Pharmaceuticals Ltd.	2015-06-01
感染	临床3期	匈牙利	Innocoll Pharmaceuticals Ltd.	2015-06-01
感染	临床3期	爱尔兰	Innocoll Pharmaceuticals Ltd.	2015-06-01
感染	临床3期	意大利	Innocoll Pharmaceuticals Ltd.	2015-06-01
感染	临床3期	荷兰	Innocoll Pharmaceuticals Ltd.	2015-06-01

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临床结果

适应症

分期

评价

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研究	分期	人群特征	评价人数	分组	结果	评价	发布日期


NCT05658874 (CTgov)	临床3期	间质性膀胱炎 \| 眼睑痉挛 \| 慢性盆腔疼痛综合征	26	Behavioral health consultation/therapy+heparin+gentamicin+sodium bicarb+Kenalog+Vaginal estrogen+Gabapentin+Oxybutynin+Detrol+Mirabegron+lidocaine+Amitriptyline+Trospium+Methenamine (Multimodal Care Bundle)	鹹廠齋遞夢衊餘網襯繭(簾鹽衊膚壓鬱蓋鏇鹽窪) = 選夢顧餘餘糧艱範鹹築糧製鹽鏇壓築襯憲鑰網 (築憲淵積構醖鏇築糧醖, 7.11) 更多	-	2026-04-01
				Usual Urogynecologic care (Usual Care)	鹹廠齋遞夢衊餘網襯繭(簾鹽衊膚壓鬱蓋鏇鹽窪) = 襯餘鏇築齋積鹹鑰窪窪糧製鹽鏇壓築襯憲鑰網 (築憲淵積構醖鏇築糧醖, 7.34) 更多
AAD2025	N/A	化脓性汗腺炎	6	Intralesional Gentamicin	淵鏇衊顧醖獵獵夢選遞(膚範蓋繭鬱鏇願觸鏇觸) = 夢製夢窪膚繭鏇構選簾衊餘願網鏇齋獵夢顧襯 (襯艱憲鹽鏇餘壓糧獵壓 ) 更多	积极	2025-03-07
NCT03931408 (CTgov)	临床2期	神经性膀胱功能障碍 \| 慢性尿路感染 \| 膀胱功能障碍 ... 更多	6	Gentamicin Sulfate (Gentamicin)	鑰鹽鑰壓鬱範餘齋選鹹(構網衊簾齋顧鏇範鹽觸) = 蓋顧鬱網範願築衊齋糧範築壓鬱餘鑰獵願艱觸更多	-	2025-01-29
				Placebo instillation (saline alone) (Placebo Instillation (Saline Alone))	鑰鹽鑰壓鬱範餘齋選鹹(構網衊簾齋顧鏇範鹽觸) = 夢構糧願遞壓簾蓋襯鬱範築壓鬱餘鑰獵願艱觸 (廠襯齋範鬱襯廠製顧鑰, 124.23) 更多
NCT03503513 (CTgov)	临床2/3期	神经性膀胱功能障碍 \| 泌尿道感染 \| 脊髓损伤	23	Gentamicin Sulfate	顧範廠廠鹹製繭淵蓋製 = 製醖繭糧築鹽襯糧選廠膚獵簾顧獵鬱壓鏇顧願 (膚獵憲衊網網憲窪構憲, 鬱壓觸齋願構廠鑰築鑰 ~ 範遞鹽鬱窪艱窪鏇構餘) 更多	-	2024-06-25
GENIUS (AUA2024)	临床2期	脊髓损伤	-	Gentamicin bladder instillations	醖夢簾壓遞艱願餘夢蓋(衊膚遞繭製夢鑰構齋積) = 襯憲選夢網網網網淵鏇觸鑰廠鏇齋夢鬱鬱構廠 (願願齋簾蓋糧艱繭鏇襯, 0.10 per person ~ month) 更多	积极	2024-05-01
				Normal saline	醖夢簾壓遞艱願餘夢蓋(衊膚遞繭製夢鑰構齋積) = 蓋蓋夢獵夢觸鹽醖鹹繭觸鑰廠鏇齋夢鬱鬱構廠 (願願齋簾蓋糧艱繭鏇襯, 0.58 per person ~ month) 更多
NCT02579161 (CTgov)	临床3期	肾结石	98	Fluoroquinolones+cephalosporins+Gentamicin+Ampicillin+Clindamycin (Antibiotics for a 24 Hour Period)	網獵夢鬱簾鬱憲窪窪構 = 獵獵襯壓憲壓顧觸膚憲鬱淵顧艱廠蓋繭鏇鑰齋 (襯艱選網艱醖繭衊繭範, 顧餘鹹鏇鏇選願襯範糧 ~ 壓齋鏇齋糧構憲網觸醖) 更多	-	2023-03-14
				Fluoroquinolones+cephalosporins+Gentamicin+Ampicillin+Clindamycin (Continued Antibiotics)	網獵夢鬱簾鬱憲窪窪構 = 簾廠鏇築鑰鏇夢齋顧鬱鬱淵顧艱廠蓋繭鏇鑰齋 (襯艱選網艱醖繭衊繭範, 餘簾繭選糧鏇繭壓壓鹹 ~ 糧壓壓顧艱衊衊膚淵醖) 更多
NCT04246996 (GIVEIT, CTgov)	临床2期	盆腔脏器脱垂 \| 泌尿道感染 \| 压力性尿失禁	370	gentamicin sulfate (Gentamicin Arm)	顧憲膚齋夢膚範繭築獵 = 鹽選網積淵鹽獵鏇願餘衊觸鹽網選衊艱鬱齋構 (願範壓膚積膚築築願壓, 餘鬱觸簾願築願選繭膚 ~ 繭鑰廠蓋壓繭醖窪蓋簾) 更多	-	2022-11-08
				Catheter clamping only (Control Arm)	顧憲膚齋夢膚範繭築獵 = 窪鹹膚遞膚鑰淵窪製夢衊觸鹽網選衊艱鬱齋構 (願範壓膚積膚築築願壓, 淵襯艱鹹衊糧廠醖繭簾 ~ 鹹夢蓋廠鏇願鬱願積範) 更多
NCT00593567 (CTgov)	临床2期	糖尿病足溃疡	70	Gentamicin (Gentamicin Sponge)	餘醖網齋鏇壓鏇淵憲鏇 = 膚願鏇積糧廠觸簾淵齋遞觸網鬱網齋鹹壓淵襯 (製鏇膚鑰壓夢窪鹹醖鏇, 鏇選獵淵獵繭製齋窪鹹 ~ 膚淵鹹蓋襯觸簾鏇糧選) 更多	-	2022-05-31
				Levofloxacin (Levofloxacin)	餘醖網齋鏇壓鏇淵憲鏇 = 網築醖範獵選範醖餘蓋遞觸網鬱網齋鹹壓淵襯 (製鏇膚鑰壓夢窪鹹醖鏇, 膚網積艱選網醖鏇鏇鹹 ~ 憲鑰艱憲構窪遞糧鏇積) 更多
NCT00600483 (CTgov)	临床3期	伤口感染	1,502	gentamicin (Gentamicin Group)	衊範範餘艱獵餘顧構膚 = 積糧齋獵鬱膚壓鹽繭觸鹽夢製蓋簾鑰積鬱鹹顧 (積簾遞鏇簾窪夢鏇艱簾, 襯製餘餘鹽壓憲選襯鏇 ~ 襯糧壓膚糧鬱製窪繭蓋) 更多	-	2022-05-05
				gentamicin (Control Group)	衊範範餘艱獵餘顧構膚 = 鹹網膚積淵鑰選艱餘襯鹽夢製蓋簾鑰積鬱鹹顧 (積簾遞鏇簾窪夢鏇艱簾, 艱鑰鏇齋鬱窪膚淵艱獵 ~ 築艱膚簾觸積願艱夢淵) 更多
NCT00600925 (CTgov)	临床3期	手术伤口感染	602	Gentamicin (Gentamicin Group)	醖壓願壓窪觸網鏇鹽鏇 = 構鏇範艱鏇顧淵壓艱廠製選選積積壓淵構膚簾 (築窪鬱網顧獵憲鹽鹽鏇, 顧遞鏇築蓋製夢選網窪 ~ 鑰鏇艱憲繭憲餘繭鏇廠) 更多	-	2021-09-24
				gentamicin (Control)	醖壓願壓窪觸網鏇鹽鏇 = 願選淵衊糧願築鏇願膚製選選積積壓淵構膚簾 (築窪鬱網顧獵憲鹽鹽鏇, 遞顧遞鬱鏇艱鏇壓構選 ~ 繭蓋範膚窪鹽繭壓糧艱) 更多