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恩替司他(恩替诺特)是每周口服一次即可有效抑制癌细胞组蛋白脱乙酰酶的小分子靶向药,1999年日本三井和东京大学首次发表临床前研究,随后被德国拜耳收购,2007年又授权给美国Syndax。2013年发表的美国二期临床研究ENCORE301证实,恩替司他+依西美坦可显著改善激素受体阳性晚期乳腺癌患者无进展生存和总生存,并于同年被亿腾景昂引进中国。不过,2021年10月发表的美国三期临床研究E2112未能证实上述结果。2021年12月,第44届圣安东尼奥乳腺癌大会首场全体大会公布中国工程院院士徐兵河等学者的EOC103A3101研究结果,证实对于中国激素受体阳性HER2阴性晚期乳腺癌内分泌治疗后复发或进展患者,恩替司他+依西美坦与安慰剂+依西美坦相比,无进展生存显著改善、总生存数据尚未成熟,不良反应可耐受。
EOC103A3101 (NCT03538171): Ph3 Study of Exemestane With or Without Entinostat in Chinese Patients With Hormone Receptor-Positive, Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer
Official Title: A Randomized Phase III Clinical Study of Entinostat/Placebo in Combination With Exemestane in Chinese Patients With Hormone Receptor-positive Advanced Breast Cancer
2026年10月20日,英国《自然》旗下《信号转导与靶向治疗》在线发表中国工程院院士徐兵河、中国医学科学院肿瘤医院王佳妮、哈尔滨医科大学附属肿瘤医院张清媛和张悦、复旦大学附属肿瘤医院胡夕春和张剑、大连理工大学附属肿瘤医院(辽宁省肿瘤医院)孙涛和张亮、吉林大学第一医院李薇、湖南省肿瘤医院欧阳取长、临沂市肿瘤医院王京芬、天津市肿瘤医院佟仲生、河南省肿瘤医院闫敏、北京肿瘤医院李惠平、重庆大学附属肿瘤医院曾晓华、济宁医学院附属医院山长平、浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院王娴、亿腾景昂商红岩等学者的EOC103A3101研究长期总生存结果。
该全国多中心安慰剂双盲随机对照三期临床研究于2019年4月16日至2020年5月13日从35家中国医院入组激素受体阳性HER2阴性晚期乳腺癌内分泌治疗后复发或进展患者354例,按2比1随机分为两组:
恩替司他+依西美坦组235例:每周1次口服恩替司他5毫克+每天1次口服依西美坦25毫克
安慰剂+依西美坦组119例:每周1次口服安慰剂5毫克+每天1次口服依西美坦25毫克
根据是否用过CDK4/6抑制剂、氟维司群、化疗和内脏转移与否,对随机化进行分层。患者、研究者、研究地点工作者和申办者对治疗分配均盲。主要终点为独立放射科专家组评定的无进展生存,次要终点包括总生存和安全性。
结果,截至2024年4月8日,中位随访31.8个月,恩替司他+依西美坦组与安慰剂+依西美坦组相比:
中位总生存:38.55个月比29.18个月(95%置信区间:29.61~43.95、22.50~41.61)
总死亡风险:减少17%(风险比:0.83,95%置信区间:0.62~1.10,P=0.184)
中位停药至化疗:11.71个月比6.81个月(P=0.012)
中位无化疗生存:9.28个月比5.63个月(P=0.023)
≥3级治疗相关不良事件发生率:65.5%比20.2%
≥3级中性粒细胞减少发生率:43.8%比0.8%
≥3级血小板减少发生率:8.5%比0.8%
≥3级白细胞减少发生率:6.8%比0.8%
对后续抗肿瘤治疗方案(例如CDK4/6抑制剂或联合内分泌治疗、CDK4/6抑制剂和化疗)等影响因素进行校正后,恩替司他+依西美坦组的总生存获益更显著。对遵守研究方案患者数据集进行敏感性分析,也表明总生存获益更显著。
因此,该研究结果表明,对于激素受体阳性HER2阴性晚期乳腺癌内分泌治疗失败患者,恩替司他+依西美坦治疗可改善总生存,且安全性可接受。
据悉,恩替司他已被正式纳入中国《国家基本医疗保险、工伤保险和生育保险药品目录》并于2026年1月1日起正式执行。同类药品西达本胺每周需要口服两次、仅被批准用于绝经后患者、中位随访26.5个月时与安慰剂相比中位总生存为30.3个月比30.3个月、≥3级不良事件发生率相对较高(尤其血液学毒性,例如中性粒细胞、血小板、白细胞减少发生率分别为51%、27%、19%)。
相关链接
恩替司他显著改善中国乳腺癌生存
恩替司他并未改善美国乳腺癌生存
柳叶刀发表中国原研药乳腺癌研究
Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2026 Oct 20;11:457. IF: 81.2
Entinostat plus exemestane for hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer: long-term overall survival results from the EOC103A3101 randomized controlled trial.
Jiani Wang, Qingyuan Zhang, Xichun Hu, Tao Sun, Wei Li, Quchang Ouyang, Jingfen Wang, Zhongsheng Tong, Min Yan, Huiping Li, Xiaohua Zeng, Changping Shan, Xian Wang, Jian Zhang, Yue Zhang, Liang Zhang, Hongyan Shang, Binghe Xu.
National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China; The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China; Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, China; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, China; The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China; Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China; Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical Universtiy, Jining, China; Run Run Shaw Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Taizhou EOC Pharma Co. Ltd., Taizhou, China.
The addition of entinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, to exemestane has demonstrated improved progression-free survival (PFS) in hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) advanced breast cancer (ABC) following endocrine therapy failure in the EOC103A3101 randomized trial (NCT03538171). This study reports long-term overall survival (OS) results. In this study, 354 patients with HR+/HER2- ABC that had recurred or progressed after endocrine therapy were randomized (2:1) to receive entinostat plus exemestane (n=235) or placebo plus exemestane (n=119). After a median follow-up of 31.8 months, the median OS was 38.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 29.6-44.0) in the entinostat-exemestane group versus 29.2 months (95% CI: 22.5-41.6) in the placebo-exemestane group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.83, 95% CI: 0.62-1.10, P=0.184). The entinostat-exemestane group demonstrated more pronounced OS benefits when adjusting subsequent antitumor therapies such as cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors, or the combination of endocrine therapy, CDK4/6 inhibitors, and chemotherapy. The sensitivity analysis based on the per-protocol set showed more significant OS benefits. The median time to post-discontinuation chemotherapy and chemotherapy-free survival in the entinostat-exemestane group were 11.7 and 9.3 months, respectively, compared to 6.8 and 5.6 months in the placebo-exemestane group (both P<0.05). Grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 65.5% of patients in the entinostat-exemestane group, without new safety signals observed. In conclusion, among patients with HR+/HER2- ABC after endocrine therapy failure, entinostat plus exemestane was associated with a numerically longer OS, with an acceptable safety profile.
DOI: 10.1038/s41392-026-02899-8
(来源:SIBCS)
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