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PRINCETON, N.J.--( BUSINESS WIRE )-- Bristol Myers Squibb (NYSE: BMY) today announced the presentation of data across its cardiovascular portfolio at the American Heart Association (AHA) Annual Scientific Sessions, taking place November 16-18, 2024, in Chicago, Illinois. New analyses include updated results from the nearly two-year post-launch evaluation of the CAMZYOS ® (mavacamten) Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) Program and real-world and long-term extension data reinforcing the efficacy and safety profile of CAMZYOS, as well as data on behalf of the BMS-Pfizer Alliance on ELIQUIS ® (apixaban) and the BMS-Johnson & Johnson Collaboration on milvexian. “We look forward to AHA where we will share data that build on our 70-year legacy of pioneering cardiovascular research and delivering paradigm-changing medicines to address the growing burden of cardiovascular disease,” said Roland Chen, MD , senior vice president and head of Immunology, Cardiovascular & Neuroscience (ICN) Development at Bristol Myers Squibb. “Data to be presented at the meeting highlight our commitment to improving clinical outcomes for patients around the world by delivering transformational therapies, like CAMZYOS, the first and only approved cardiac myosin inhibitor.” With inclusion in both the ESC and AHA/ACC clinical guidelines as a recommended option for when symptoms persist after first-line therapy, CAMZYOS is a standard of care for NYHA class II-III symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (oHCM). Research to be presented at the meeting supports the growing body of evidence of CAMZYOS, including compliance with the REMS Program. These data include: An updated analysis of results from the post-launch evaluation of the CAMZYOS REMS Program spanning nearly 2-years (22-months). A featured science presentation of the 128-week analysis (nearly 2.5 years) of the VALOR-HCM long-term study analyzing the efficacy and safety profile of CAMZYOS in reducing patient eligibility and/or decision to proceed with septal reduction therapy (SRT) in patients with symptomatic oHCM. New real-world evidence on CAMZYOS’ long-term effectiveness and safety profile, including data from MARVEL-HCM—the largest observational study on CAMZYOS’ effectiveness—and from COLLIGO-HCM, a real-world study examining racially diverse patients and those with higher disease burden than typically seen in clinical trials. Abstracts sponsored by Bristol Myers Squibb, the BMS-Pfizer Alliance and the BMS-Johnson & Johnson Collaboration to be presented at AHA Scientific Sessions 2024 can be found below. Complete abstracts may be accessed online here . Visit this page on BMS.com for more information on Bristol Myers Squibb’s scientific approach and resources on cardiovascular diseases. Abstract Title Primary Author Type Session Title Date/Time (CST) CAMZYOS (mavacamten) Investigating the natural history and risk factors underlying deterioration in early-stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Findings from SOLENOID Bradlow, W. Moderated Poster Bulking Up: The Latest in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Saturday, Nov. 16, 3:10 PM – 3:15 PM Beta blockers and calcium channel blockers in asymptomatic patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Prevalence, discontinuation, and effectiveness Bradlow, W. Moderated Poster Data to Discovery: Novel Methods in Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Saturday, Nov. 16, 3:50 PM – 3:55 PM Identification of obstructive and non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients using natural language processing in a large integrated healthcare system Solomon, M. Moderated Poster Advances in Identification and Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy – MDP964 Sunday, Nov. 17, 9:30 AM – 9:35 AM Real-world treatment patterns of mavacamten and associated background therapies in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in the United States Han, X. Traditional Poster Emerging Interventions for Heart Failure – Su2191 Sunday, Nov. 17, 3:15 PM – 4:15 PM Mavacamten: Real-world experience from 22 months of the Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) Program Desai, M. Oral Presentation From Bench to Bedside in Heart Failure Monday, Nov. 18, 9:00 AM – 9:10 AM Mavacamten treatment in patients with obstructive HCM referred for septal reduction therapy: 128-week results from VALOR-HCM trial Desai, M. Oral Featured Science Presentation Featured Science: Amyloid, Hypertrophic, and Danon Cardiomyopathies: Targeted Therapies and Specific Populations Monday, Nov. 18, 9:57 AM – 10:05 AM Long-term effectiveness and safety of mavacamten in a real-world, multi-center, global study: Preliminary results of COLLIGO-HCM from a diverse cohort in the United States MacNamara, J. Moderated Poster Hypertrophy and Heart Failure – MDP1368 Monday, Nov. 18, 11:50 AM – 11:55 AM Early insights on mavacamten usage in Canada: A retrospective cohort of the patient support program Ong, K. Moderated Poster Hypertrophy and Heart Failure – MDP1369 Monday, Nov. 18, 12:00 PM – 12:05 PM Real-world long-term effectiveness of mavacamten in patients with symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A multicenter observational study (MARVEL-HCM) Abraham, T. Moderated Poster Hypertrophy and Heart Failure – MDP1370 Monday, Nov. 18, 12:10 PM – 12:15 PM Integrated safety and tolerability of mavacamten treatment over 5 years in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Owens, A. Moderated Poster Hypertrophy and Heart Failure – MDP1371 Monday, Nov. 18, 12:20 PM – 12:25 PM Mavacamten in adolescent patients with symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Design of the Phase 3 SCOUT-HCM trial Rossano, J. Traditional Poster Pediatric Heart Failure, Transplantation, and Long-Term Outcomes – Mo2025 Monday, Nov. 18, 1:30 PM – 2:30 PM ELIQUIS (apixaban) – Sponsored by the Bristol Myers Squibb-Pfizer Alliance Understanding medication adherence to oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation management: Patient and provider perspectives in a mixed methods study Wendt, S. Moderated Poster Data to Discovery: Novel Methods in Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Monday, Nov. 18, 10:30 AM – 11:30 AM Milvexian – Sponsored by the Bristol Myers Squibb-Johnson & Johnson Collaboration Current oral anticoagulation use among patients with atrial fibrillation and risk factors associated with inadequate treatments: A report from a UK population cohort study Kang, A. Poster presentation Medications in Motion: Innovating Pharmacotherapy for Enhanced Treatment Outcomes Monday, Nov. 18, 1:30 PM – 2:30 PM About CAMZYOS ® (mavacamten) CAMZYOS ® (mavacamten) is the first and only cardiac myosin inhibitor approved in the U.S., indicated for the treatment of adults with symptomatic New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II-III obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) to improve functional capacity and symptoms, and in the European Union, indicated for the treatment of symptomatic (NYHA, class II-III) obstructive HCM in adult patients. It has also received regulatory approvals in countries and regions across five continents. CAMZYOS is an allosteric and reversible inhibitor selective for cardiac myosin. CAMZYOS modulates the number of myosin heads that can enter “on actin” (power-generating) states, thus reducing the probability of force-producing (systolic) and residual (diastolic) cross-bridge formation. Excess myosin actin cross-bridge formation and dysregulation of the super-relaxed state are mechanistic hallmarks of HCM. CAMZYOS shifts the overall myosin population towards an energy-sparing, recruitable, super-relaxed state. In HCM patients, myosin inhibition with CAMZYOS reduces dynamic left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction and improves cardiac filling pressures. IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION WARNING: RISK OF HEART FAILURE CAMZYOS reduces left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and can cause heart failure due to systolic dysfunction. Echocardiogram assessments of LVEF are required prior to and during treatment with CAMZYOS. Initiation of CAMZYOS in patients with LVEF <55% is not recommended. Interrupt CAMZYOS if LVEF is <50% at any visit or if the patient experiences heart failure symptoms or worsening clinical status. Concomitant use of CAMZYOS with certain cytochrome P450 inhibitors or discontinuation of certain cytochrome P450 inducers may increase the risk of heart failure due to systolic dysfunction; therefore, the use of CAMZYOS is contraindicated with the following: Moderate to strong CYP2C19 inhibitors or strong CYP3A4 inhibitors Moderate to strong CYP2C19 inducers or moderate to strong CYP3A4 inducers Because of the risk of heart failure due to systolic dysfunction, CAMZYOS is available only through a restricted program under a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) called the CAMZYOS REMS PROGRAM. CONTRAINDICATIONS CAMZYOS is contraindicated with concomitant use of: Moderate to strong CYP2C19 inhibitors or strong CYP3A4 inhibitors Moderate to strong CYP2C19 inducers or moderate to strong CYP3A4 inducers WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Heart Failure CAMZYOS reduces systolic contraction and can cause heart failure or totally block ventricular function. Patients who experience a serious intercurrent illness (e.g., serious infection) or arrhythmia (e.g., atrial fibrillation or other uncontrolled tachyarrhythmia) are at greater risk of developing systolic dysfunction and heart failure. Assess the patient’s clinical status and LVEF prior to and regularly during treatment and adjust the CAMZYOS dose accordingly. New or worsening arrhythmia, dyspnea, chest pain, fatigue, palpitations, leg edema, or elevations in N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) may be signs and symptoms of heart failure and should also prompt an evaluation of cardiac function. Asymptomatic LVEF reduction, intercurrent illnesses, and arrhythmias require additional dosing considerations. Initiation of CAMZYOS in patients with LVEF <55% is not recommended. Avoid concomitant use of CAMZYOS in patients on disopyramide, ranolazine, verapamil with a beta blocker, or diltiazem with a beta blocker as these medications and combinations increase the risk of left ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure symptoms and clinical experience is limited. CYP 450 Drug Interactions Leading to Heart Failure or Loss of Effectiveness CAMZYOS is primarily metabolized by CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 enzymes. Concomitant use of CAMZYOS and drugs that interact with these enzymes may lead to life-threatening drug interactions such as heart failure or loss of effectiveness. Advise patients of the potential for drug interactions, including with over-the-counter medications (such as omeprazole, esomeprazole, or cimetidine). Advise patients to inform their healthcare provider of all concomitant products prior to and during CAMZYOS treatment. CAMZYOS Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) Program CAMZYOS is only available through a restricted program called the CAMZYOS REMS Program because of the risk of heart failure due to systolic dysfunction. Notable requirements of the CAMZYOS REMS Program include the following: Prescribers must be certified by enrolling in the REMS Program. Patients must enroll in the REMS Program and comply with ongoing monitoring requirements. Pharmacies must be certified by enrolling in the REMS Program and must only dispense to patients who are authorized to receive CAMZYOS. Wholesalers and distributors must only distribute to certified pharmacies. Further information is available at www.CAMZYOSREMS.com or by telephone at 1-833-628-7367. Embryo-Fetal Toxicity CAMZYOS may cause fetal toxicity when administered to a pregnant female, based on animal studies. Confirm absence of pregnancy in females of reproductive potential prior to treatment and advise patients to use effective contraception during treatment with CAMZYOS and for 4 months after the last dose. CHCs containing a combination of ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone may be used with CAMZYOS. However, CAMZYOS may reduce the effectiveness of combined hormonal contraceptives (CHC). If these CHCs are used, advise patients to add nonhormonal contraception (such as condoms) during concomitant use and for 4 months after the last dose of CAMZYOS. ADVERSE REACTIONS In the EXPLORER-HCM trial, adverse reactions occurring in >5% of patients and more commonly in the CAMZYOS group than in the placebo group were dizziness (27% vs 18%) and syncope (6% vs 2%). There were no new adverse reactions identified in VALOR-HCM. Effects on Systolic Function In the EXPLORER-HCM trial, mean (SD) resting LVEF was 74% (6) at baseline in both treatment groups. Mean (SD) absolute change from baseline in LVEF was -4% (8) in the CAMZYOS group and 0% (7) in the placebo group over the 30-week treatment period. At Week 38, following an 8-week interruption of trial drug, mean LVEF was similar to baseline for both treatment groups. In the EXPLORER-HCM trial, 7 (6%) patients in the CAMZYOS group and 2 (2%) patients in the placebo group experienced reversible reductions in LVEF <50% (median 48%: range 35-49%) while on treatment. In all 7 patients treated with CAMZYOS, LVEF recovered following interruption of CAMZYOS. DRUG INTERACTIONS Potential for Other Drugs to Affect Plasma Concentrations of CAMZYOS CAMZYOS is primarily metabolized by CYP2C19 and to a lesser extent by CYP3A4 and CYP2C9. Inducers and inhibitors of CYP2C19 and moderate to strong inhibitors or inducers of CYP3A4 may affect the exposures of CAMZYOS. Impact of Other Drugs on CAMZYOS: Moderate to Strong CYP2C19 Inhibitors or Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors : Concomitant use increases CAMZYOS exposure, which may increase the risk of heart failure due to systolic dysfunction. Concomitant use is contraindicated. Moderate to Strong CYP2C19 Inducers or Moderate to Strong CYP3A4 Inducers : Concomitant use decreases CAMZYOS exposure, which may reduce CAMZYOS’ efficacy. The risk of heart failure due to systolic dysfunction may increase with discontinuation of these inducers as the levels of induced enzyme normalizes. Concomitant use is contraindicated. Weak CYP2C19 Inhibitors or Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors : Concomitant use with a weak CYP2C19 inhibitor or a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor increases CAMZYOS exposure, which may increase the risk of adverse drug reactions. Initiate CAMZYOS at the recommended starting dose of 5 mg orally once daily in patients who are on stable therapy with a weak CYP2C19 inhibitor or a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor. Reduce dose of CAMZYOS by one level (i.e., 15 to 10 mg, 10 to 5 mg, or 5 to 2.5 mg) in patients who are on CAMZYOS treatment and intend to initiate a weak CYP2C19 inhibitor or a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor. Schedule clinical and echocardiographic assessment 4 weeks after inhibitor initiation, and do not up-titrate CAMZYOS until 12 weeks after inhibitor initiation. Avoid initiation of concomitant weak CYP2C19 and moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors in patients who are on stable treatment with 2.5 mg of CAMZYOS because a lower dose is not available. Potential for CAMZYOS to Affect Plasma Concentrations of Other Drugs CAMZYOS is an inducer of CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19. Concomitant use with CYP3A4, CYP2C19, or CYP2C9 substrates may reduce plasma concentration of these drugs. Closely monitor when CAMZYOS is used in combination with CYP3A4, CYP2C19, or CYP2C9 substrates unless otherwise recommended in the Prescribing Information. Certain Combined Hormonal Contraceptives (CHC): Progestin and ethinyl estradiol are CYP3A4 substrates. Concomitant use of CAMZYOS may decrease exposures of certain progestins, which may lead to contraceptive failure. CHCs containing a combination of ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone may be used with CAMZYOS, but if other CHCs are used, advise patients to add nonhormonal contraception (such as condoms) during concomitant use and for 4 months after the last dose of CAMZYOS. Drugs That Reduce Cardiac Contractility Expect additive negative inotropic effects of CAMZYOS and other drugs that reduce cardiac contractility. Avoid concomitant use of CAMZYOS in patients on disopyramide, ranolazine, verapamil with a beta blocker, or diltiazem with a beta blocker as these medications and combinations increase the risk of left ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure symptoms and clinical experience is limited. If concomitant therapy with a negative inotrope is initiated, or if the dose of a negative inotrope is increased, monitor LVEF closely until stable doses and clinical response have been achieved. SPECIFIC POPULATIONS Pregnancy CAMZYOS may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant female. Advise pregnant females about the potential risk to the fetus with maternal exposure to CAMZYOS during pregnancy. There is a pregnancy safety study for CAMZYOS. If CAMZYOS is administered during pregnancy, or if a patient becomes pregnant while receiving CAMZYOS or within 4 months after the last dose of CAMZYOS, healthcare providers should report CAMZYOS exposure by contacting Bristol Myers Squibb at 1-800-721-5072 or www.bms.com . Lactation The presence of CAMZYOS in human or animal milk, the drug’s effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production are unknown. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for CAMZYOS and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from CAMZYOS or from the underlying maternal condition. Females and Males of Reproductive Potential Confirm absence of pregnancy in females of reproductive potential prior to initiation of CAMZYOS. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with CAMZYOS and for 4 months after the last dose. CHCs containing a combination of ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone may be used with CAMZYOS. However, CAMZYOS may reduce the effectiveness of certain other combined hormonal contraceptives (CHC). If these CHCs are used, advise patients to add nonhormonal contraception (such as condoms) during concomitant use and for 4 months after the last dose of CAMZYOS. Please see U.S. Full Prescribing Information , including Boxed WARNING and Medication Guide . About ELIQUIS ® (apixaban) ELIQUIS ® is an oral selective Factor Xa inhibitor. By inhibiting Factor Xa, a key blood clotting protein, ELIQUIS decreases thrombin generation and blood clot formation. ELIQUIS is approved for multiple indications in the U.S. based on efficacy and safety data from multiple Phase 3 clinical trials. ELIQUIS is a prescription medicine indicated to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF); for the prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which may lead to pulmonary embolism (PE), in patients who have undergone hip or knee replacement surgery; for the treatment of DVT and PE; and to reduce the risk of recurrent DVT and PE, following initial therapy. ELIQUIS continues to be developed and commercialized by The Bristol Myers Squibb-Pfizer Alliance. ELIQUIS Important Safety Information Indications ELIQUIS is indicated to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. ELIQUIS is indicated for the prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which may lead to pulmonary embolism (PE), in patients who have undergone hip or knee replacement surgery. ELIQUIS is indicated for the treatment of DVT and PE, and to reduce the risk of recurrent DVT and PE following initial therapy. Important Safety Information WARNING: (A) PREMATURE DISCONTINUATION OF ELIQUIS INCREASES THE RISK OF THROMBOTIC EVENTS, (B) SPINAL/EPIDURAL HEMATOMA (A) Premature discontinuation of any oral anticoagulant, including ELIQUIS, increases the risk of thrombotic events. If anticoagulation with ELIQUIS is discontinued for a reason other than pathological bleeding or completion of a course of therapy, consider coverage with another anticoagulant. (B) Epidural or spinal hematomas may occur in patients treated with ELIQUIS who are receiving neuraxial anesthesia or undergoing spinal puncture. These hematomas may result in long-term or permanent paralysis. Consider these risks when scheduling patients for spinal procedures. Factors that can increase the risk of developing epidural or spinal hematomas in these patients include: use of indwelling epidural catheters concomitant use of other drugs that affect hemostasis, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), platelet inhibitors, other anticoagulants a history of traumatic or repeated epidural or spinal punctures a history of spinal deformity or spinal surgery optimal timing between the administration of ELIQUIS and neuraxial procedures is not known Monitor patients frequently for signs and symptoms of neurological impairment. If neurological compromise is noted, urgent treatment is necessary. Consider the benefits and risks before neuraxial intervention in patients anticoagulated or to be anticoagulated. CONTRAINDICATIONS Active pathological bleeding Severe hypersensitivity reaction to ELIQUIS (e.g., anaphylactic reactions) WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Increased Risk of Thrombotic Events after Premature Discontinuation: Premature discontinuation of any oral anticoagulant, including ELIQUIS, in the absence of adequate alternative anticoagulation increases the risk of thrombotic events. An increased rate of stroke was observed during the transition from ELIQUIS to warfarin in clinical trials in atrial fibrillation patients. If ELIQUIS is discontinued for a reason other than pathological bleeding or completion of a course of therapy, consider coverage with another anticoagulant. Bleeding Risk: ELIQUIS increases the risk of bleeding and can cause serious, potentially fatal, bleeding. Concomitant use of drugs affecting hemostasis increases the risk of bleeding, including aspirin and other antiplatelet agents, other anticoagulants, heparin, thrombolytic agents, SSRIs, SNRIs, and NSAIDs. Advise patients of signs and symptoms of blood loss and to report them immediately or go to an emergency room. Discontinue ELIQUIS in patients with active pathological hemorrhage. The anticoagulant effect of apixaban can be expected to persist for at least 24 hours after the last dose (i.e., about two half-lives). An agent to reverse the anti-factor Xa activity of apixaban is available. Please visit www.andexxa.com for more information on availability of a specific reversal agent. Spinal/Epidural Anesthesia or Puncture: Patients treated with ELIQUIS undergoing spinal/epidural anesthesia or puncture may develop an epidural or spinal hematoma which can result in long-term or permanent paralysis. The risk of these events may be increased by the postoperative use of indwelling epidural catheters or the concomitant use of medicinal products affecting hemostasis. Indwelling epidural or intrathecal catheters should not be removed earlier than 24 hours after the last administration of ELIQUIS. The next dose of ELIQUIS should not be administered earlier than 5 hours after the removal of the catheter. The risk may also be increased by traumatic or repeated epidural or spinal puncture. If traumatic puncture occurs, delay the administration of ELIQUIS for 48 hours. Monitor patients frequently and if neurological compromise is noted, urgent diagnosis and treatment is necessary. Physicians should consider the potential benefit versus the risk of neuraxial intervention in ELIQUIS patients. Prosthetic Heart Valves: The safety and efficacy of ELIQUIS have not been studied in patients with prosthetic heart valves and is not recommended in these patients. Acute PE in Hemodynamically Unstable Patients or Patients who Require Thrombolysis or Pulmonary Embolectomy : Initiation of ELIQUIS is not recommended as an alternative to unfractionated heparin for the initial treatment of patients with PE who present with hemodynamic instability or who may receive thrombolysis or pulmonary embolectomy. Increased Risk of Thrombosis in Patients with Triple Positive Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS): Direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs), including ELIQUIS, are not recommended for use in patients with triple-positive APS. For patients with APS (especially those who are triple positive [positive for lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin, and anti–beta 2-glycoprotein I antibodies]), treatment with DOACs has been associated with increased rates of recurrent thrombotic events compared with vitamin K antagonist therapy. ADVERSE REACTIONS The most common and most serious adverse reactions reported with ELIQUIS were related to bleeding. TEMPORARY INTERRUPTION FOR SURGERY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONS ELIQUIS should be discontinued at least 48 hours prior to elective surgery or invasive procedures with a moderate or high risk of unacceptable or clinically significant bleeding. ELIQUIS should be discontinued at least 24 hours prior to elective surgery or invasive procedures with a low risk of bleeding or where the bleeding would be noncritical in location and easily controlled. Bridging anticoagulation during the 24 to 48 hours after stopping ELIQUIS and prior to the intervention is not generally required. ELIQUIS should be restarted after the surgical or other procedures as soon as adequate hemostasis has been established. DRUG INTERACTIONS Combined P-gp and Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors: Inhibitors of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) increase exposure to apixaban and increase the risk of bleeding. For patients receiving ELIQUIS doses of 5 mg or 10 mg twice daily, reduce the dose of ELIQUIS by 50% when ELIQUIS is coadministered with drugs that are combined P-gp and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole, or ritonavir). In patients already taking 2.5 mg twice daily, avoid coadministration of ELIQUIS with combined P-gp and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors. Clarithromycin Although clarithromycin is a combined P-gp and strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, pharmacokinetic data suggest that no dose adjustment is necessary with concomitant administration with ELIQUIS. Combined P-gp and Strong CYP3A4 Inducers: Avoid concomitant use of ELIQUIS with combined P-gp and strong CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., rifampin, carbamazepine, phenytoin, St. John’s wort) because such drugs will decrease exposure to apixaban. Anticoagulants and Antiplatelet Agents: Coadministration of antiplatelet agents, fibrinolytics, heparin, aspirin, and chronic NSAID use increases the risk of bleeding. APPRAISE-2, a placebo-controlled clinical trial of apixaban in high-risk post-acute coronary syndrome patients treated with aspirin or the combination of aspirin and clopidogrel, was terminated early due to a higher rate of bleeding with apixaban compared to placebo. PREGNANCY The limited available data on ELIQUIS use in pregnant women are insufficient to inform drug-associated risks of major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse developmental outcomes. Treatment may increase the risk of bleeding during pregnancy and delivery, and in the fetus and neonate. Labor or delivery: ELIQUIS use during labor or delivery in women who are receiving neuraxial anesthesia may result in epidural or spinal hematomas. Consider use of a shorter acting anticoagulant as delivery approaches. LACTATION Breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment with ELIQUIS. FEMALES AND MALES OF REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL Females of reproductive potential requiring anticoagulation should discuss pregnancy planning with their physician. The risk of clinically significant uterine bleeding, potentially requiring gynecological surgical interventions, identified with oral anticoagulants including ELIQUIS should be assessed in these patients and those with abnormal uterine bleeding. Please see U.S. Full Prescribing Information , including Boxed WARNINGS , available at BMS.com . About the Bristol Myers Squibb-Pfizer Collaboration The Bristol Myers Squibb-Pfizer Alliance (the Alliance) is committed to driving education and awareness about atrial fibrillation and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE). With long-standing cardiovascular leadership, global scale and expertise in this field, the Alliance strives to implement global, research-driven approaches to illuminate and address the unmet needs around strokes related to non-valvular atrial fibrillation, which are often fatal or debilitating. Through collaborations with non-profit organizations, the Alliance aims to provide patients, healthcare professionals and decision makers with the information they need to understand and take appropriate action on risk factors associated with stroke and other cardiovascular conditions. About Milvexian * Milvexian is an investigational oral, highly selective Factor XIa (FXIa) inhibitor, part of a new class of anticoagulants in development aimed at preventing harmful clotting that restricts blood flow (thrombosis) while preserving the normal clotting process (hemostasis). As a result, milvexian could potentially reduce major cardiovascular events due to harmful clotting without significantly increasing the risk of bleeding. It is currently being studied in the Phase 3 Librexia program, the most comprehensive FXIa clinical development program to date, for the prevention and treatment of major thrombotic conditions. * Milvexian is an investigational agent and has not been approved for use in any country, for any indication. About the Bristol Myers Squibb-Johnson & Johnson Collaboration Bristol Myers Squibb and Johnson & Johnson, two unsurpassed leaders in cardiovascular care, are determined to close the gap in unmet needs in thrombosis management by overcoming the limits of today’s treatments. The collaboration to develop and commercialize milvexian aims to leverage the combined scientific expertise and world-class commercial capabilities of each company, to improve patient outcomes. The alliance is uniquely equipped to deliver on the promise of FXIa inhibitors and is working diligently to ensure cutting-edge safe and effective treatment options are available for patients. About Bristol Myers Squibb Bristol Myers Squibb is a global biopharmaceutical company whose mission is to discover, develop and deliver innovative medicines that help patients prevail over serious diseases. For more information about Bristol Myers Squibb, visit us at BMS.com or follow us on LinkedIn , X , YouTube , Facebook and Instagram . Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements This press release contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 regarding, among other things, the research, development and commercialization of pharmaceutical products. All statements that are not statements of historical facts are, or may be deemed to be, forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and projections about our future financial results, goals, plans and objectives and involve inherent risks, assumptions and uncertainties, including internal or external factors that could delay, divert or change any of them in the next several years, that are difficult to predict, may be beyond our control and could cause our future financial results, goals, plans and objectives to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, the statements. These risks, assumptions, uncertainties and other factors include, among others, that future study results may not be consistent with the results to date, that milvexian may not receive regulatory approval for the indications described in this release, any marketing approvals, if granted, may have significant limitations on their use, and, whether CAMZYOS (mavacamten), ELIQUIS (apixaban) or milvexian, if approved, for such indications described in this release will be commercially successful. No forward-looking statement can be guaranteed. Forward-looking statements in this press release should be evaluated together with the many risks and uncertainties that affect Bristol Myers Squibb’s business and market, particularly those identified in the cautionary statement and risk factors discussion in Bristol Myers Squibb’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, as updated by our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The forward-looking statements included in this document are made only as of the date of this document and except as otherwise required by applicable law, Bristol Myers Squibb undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events, changed circumstances or otherwise. corporatefinancial-news

药品简介 米氮平由美国Organonk开发，是一种对去肾上腺素能和5-羟色胺具有双重抑制作用的药物，用于抑郁症的治疗。 荷兰上市：1994年首先在荷兰获得批准上市，用于抑郁症的治疗。 美国上市：1996年6月通过FDA的审批。 日本上市：2009年9月，在日获批上市。 中国上市：2004年在国内通过进口的方式批准上市。 医保报销：医保甲类；基药（2018年版）。 基本信息 通用名称：米氮平片 英文名称：Mirtazapine Tablets 汉语拼音：Midanping Pian 成份：本品主要成份为米氮平。 化学名称：1,2,3,4,10,14b-六氢-2-甲基吡嗪基[2,1-a]吡啶并[2,3-c][2]苯并氮杂䓬 化学结构式： 分子式：C17H19N3 分子量：265.35 适应症 用于治疗抑郁症。 用法用量 口服给药。应随水吞服，不应嚼碎。 成人：有效剂量通常为每日15～45mg。治疗起始剂量为15mg或30mg。通常在用药一至二周后起效。当服用药物适量时，二至四周内应有疗效。若效果不够明显，可将剂量增加直至最大剂量。若剂量增加二至四周后仍无作用，应停止使用本品。 肾功能损害患者：中重度肾功能损害（肌酐清除率＜40ml/min）患者对米氮平的清除率下降。中重度肾功能损害患者使用本品时应谨慎选择剂量（见【注意事项】）。 肝功能损害患者：肝功能损害患者对米氮平的清除率下降。肝功能损害患者使用本品时应谨慎选择剂量。由于尚未在重度肝功能损害患者中开展研究，此类人群使用本品时更应特别小心（见【注意事项】）。 米氮平的清除半衰期为20～40小时，因此本品适于每日服用一次（最好在临睡前服用）。本品也可分次服用（如早晚各一次，夜间应服用较高剂量）。 患者应连续服药，充分治疗至少6个月，以维持疗效。 建议逐渐停药，以防止撤药症状发生（见【注意事项】）。 注意事项 临床症状的恶化和自杀风险 患有抑郁症的成年和儿童患者，无论是否服用抗抑郁药，他们的抑郁症都有可能恶化，并有可能出现自杀意念和自杀行为以及行为异常变化，这种风险一直会持续到病情发生明显缓解时为止。已知抑郁和某些精神障碍与自杀风险有关，并且这些精神障碍本身为自杀的最强的预兆。然而，长期以来一直有这些的担忧：在某些患者治疗早期，抗抑郁药可能对诱导抑郁症状恶化，以及产生自杀意念和行为中起着作用。抗抑郁药（SSRIs（5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂）和其他）短期安慰剂对照研究汇总分析显示，在患有抑郁症和其它精神障碍的儿童、青少年和青年（18-24岁）中，与安慰剂相比，抗抑郁药增加了产生自杀意念和行为的风险。但短期的临床试验没有显示，在年龄大于24岁的成年人中，与安慰剂相比，使用抗抑郁药会增加自杀意念和行为的风险；在65岁及以上的成年人中，使用抗抑郁药后，自杀意念和行为的风险有所降低。 在患有抑郁症、强迫症或其它精神障碍的儿童和青少年中进行的安慰剂对照试验（共计24项短期临床试验，9种抗抑郁药，超过4400例患者）和在患有抑郁症或其它精神障碍的成年患者中进行的安慰剂对照试验（共计295项短期临床试验[中位持续时间为2个月]，11种抗抑郁药，超过77000例患者），各种药物引起的自杀意念和行为的风险有很大的差异，但是大部分的药物研究显现出较年轻患者自杀意念和行为风险增加的趋势。在各个不同的适应症中，自杀意念和行为的绝对风险不同，在抑郁症中的绝对风险最高。虽然在各个适应症中的绝对风险有所不同（药物和安慰剂相比），但是，在不同适应症的年龄层中的风险相对稳定。下表1提供了风险差异（每1000名患者中药物和安慰剂治疗产生的自杀意念和行为风险差异的例数）。 表 1年龄范围每1000名患者中药物和安慰剂治疗产生的自杀意念和行为风险差异的例数 在儿童临床试验中没有自杀事件发生。在成人临床试验中有自杀事件的发生，但是发生的数量不足以对药物在自杀中的影响做出结论。 自杀意念和行为的风险在长期用药过程中（如几个月后）是否会延续尚不可知。但是，从在成年抑郁症患者中进行的安慰剂对照的维持治疗临床试验的证据充分显示，使用抗抑郁药可以延缓抑郁症的复发。 无论治疗哪种适应症，对接受抗抑郁药治疗的所有患者，都应密切观察和监测其临床症状恶化、自杀意念和行为以及行为异常变化的情况。尤其在药物最初治疗的数月内，及增加或减少剂量的时候。 用抗抑郁药治疗患有抑郁症、其它精神病性或非精神病性障碍的成年和儿童患者时，可以出现下列症状：焦虑、激越、惊恐发作、失眠、易激惹、敌意、攻击性、冲动、静坐不能（精神运动性不安）以及轻躁狂和躁狂。虽然尚未建立这些症状的出现与抑郁症的恶化和/或自杀意念和行为的产生之间的因果关系，但注意到了这些症状的出现可能是产生自杀意念和行为的先兆。 当患者的抑郁症状持续恶化，出现自杀意念和行为，或出现可能是抑郁症状恶化或自杀意念和行为的先兆症状时，应当仔细考虑包括中止药物治疗在内的治疗方案调整。如果这些症状是严重的、突发的、或与患者当前症状不符合时更应如此。 如果决定中止治疗，剂量应当尽快递减，但需意识到突然停药可能会引起某些症状（参见【注意事项】和【用法用量】）。 用抗抑郁药治疗患有抑郁症或其它精神病性或非精神病性障碍的患者时，应当提醒家属以及看护者有必要监察患者是否出现激越、易激惹、行为异常变化、其它以上提及的症状以及出现自杀意念和行为的情况，一旦出现，立即向医疗卫生专业人士汇报这些症状。家属以及看护者应当每天对患者进行以上监察。使用米氮平时，处方应当从最小量开始，并配合良好的患者管理，以减少过量用药的危险。 双相情感障碍患者的筛查 抑郁发作可能是双相情感障碍的初期表现。一般认为（虽然未通过对照试验明确），单用抗抑郁药治疗这类发作可能增加具有双相情感障碍风险患者的混合型/躁狂发作的可能性。尚不明确以上提及的症状是否意味着可能出现这种转变。然而，在用抗抑郁药开始治疗之前，应当对有抑郁症状的患者进行充分的筛查，以确定他们是否具有双相情感障碍的风险；该筛查应当包括自杀家族史和双相情感障碍和抑郁症家族史在内的详细的精神病史。米氮平尚未批准用于治疗双相情感障碍。 5-羟色胺综合征 类似其它5-羟色胺能药物，使用米氮平治疗时，可能发生5-羟色胺综合征（一种有潜在生命威胁的情况），尤其是在与其它可能作用于5-羟色胺递质系统的药物合用时（如：曲坦、SSRIs、SNRIs(去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂)、锂盐、西布曲明、安非他明、圣约翰草[金丝桃属植物提取物]、芬太尼及其类似物、曲马多、美沙芬、他喷他多、哌替啶、美沙酮、喷他佐辛、三环类抗抑郁药、色氨酸和丁螺环酮），与损害5-羟色胺代谢的药物合用时（如：MAOIs的亚甲蓝），与5-羟色胺前体物质合用时（如：色氨酸补充剂），与抗精神病药物或与其他多巴胺拮抗剂合用时。 5-羟色胺综合征可能包括精神状态的改变（如：激越、幻觉、谵妄、昏迷）、自主神经不稳定（如：心动过速、血压不稳、体温过高、发汗、潮红和头晕）、神经肌肉系统失调（如：震颤、强直、肌阵挛、反射亢进、动作失调）、癫痫发作和胃肠道症状（如：恶心、呕吐、腹泻）。最严重的5-羟色胺综合征与抗精神病药物恶性综合征的表现相似，包括体温过高、肌肉强直、自主神经不稳定可能伴有生命体征的快速波动，以及精神状态的改变。（见 【药物相互作用】 ）。 禁止米氮平与MAOIs合用。正在接受利奈唑胺或静脉用亚甲蓝等 MAOIs 治疗的患者也不应使用米氮平。所有报告中亚甲蓝的给药途径均为1 mg/kg 至 8 mg/kg 剂量范围内的静脉给药。没有报告采用其他途径（例如口服片剂或局部组织注射）或较低剂量给予亚甲蓝。在某些情况下，正在服用米氮平的患者可能必须接受利奈唑胺或静脉用亚甲蓝等 MAOIs治疗。在开始 MAOIs治疗之前应先停用米氮平（见【禁忌】）。 如果临床上有合理需要，要合并使用米氮平和某种SSRIs、SNRIs或其他5-羟色胺能药物（如：曲普坦类药、三环类抗抑郁药、芬太尼、锂盐、曲马多、丁螺环酮、色氨酸和圣约翰草），建议密切观察患者情况，尤其在治疗初期和增加剂量时（见【药物相互作用】）。 不推荐合并使用米氮平和5-羟色胺前体物质（如：色氨酸补充剂）。 当上述事件发生时，必须立即停用米氮平及任何合并使用的5-羟色胺能药物，并开始对症支持治疗。 闭角型青光眼 对于解剖结构中房角狭窄的、未进行明确的虹膜切除术的患者，使用多种抗抑郁药（包括米氮平）后出现的瞳孔扩大可能会引起房角关闭所致的青光眼发作。 骨髓抑制、粒细胞缺乏症 米氮平治疗过程中已有骨髓抑制的报道，其表现通常为粒细胞减少或粒细胞缺乏症。在米氮平临床试验中罕见可逆性的粒细胞缺乏症。在上市前临床试验中，2796名接受米氮平治疗的患者有2人出现粒细胞缺乏症[中性粒细胞绝对计数（ANC）＜500/mm3并伴有体征和症状，例如发热、感染等]，其中一人为Sjögren综合征，还有一名患者出现了重度的中性粒细胞减少症（ANC ＜500/mm3无相关症状）。这三名患者分别在治疗的第61天、第9天和第14天发生重度中性粒细胞减少，均在停用米氮平后恢复。基于这三个病例得出重度中性粒细胞减少（伴有或不伴有相关感染）的发生率约为1.1/1000，95%置信区间非常宽，即2.2/10,000～3.1/1000。如果患者出现咽喉痛、发热、口腔炎或其他感染迹象，并伴有白细胞（WBC）计数降低，应中断米氮平治疗并对患者进行密切监测。 上市后使用米氮平出现粒细胞缺乏症的报道很少，大多数是可逆性的，但是有几例是致命的。致命个例中，大部分患者年龄为65岁以上。因此医生在治疗过程中应注意，一旦发现患者有发热、喉痛、口炎或其他感染症状应立即停止用药并作血细胞计数检查。 一般注意事项： 中断治疗的症状：已有中断（特别是突然中断）米氮平片后即出现不良反应的报告，包括但不仅限于以下反应：头晕、梦异常、感觉紊乱（包括感觉异常和电休克感）、激动、焦虑、疲劳、意识错乱、头痛、震颤、恶心、呕吐、出汗或其它可能具有临床意义的症状。报告的大多数病例为轻度并呈自限性。尽管如此，以上这些被当作不良反应报告，但应明确这些症状可能与基础疾病有关。 鉴于存在出现中断治疗症状的风险，目前正服用米氮平的患者不能突然中断治疗。当出于医学考虑需中断米氮平治疗时，推荐逐步减量而非骤然停用。 静坐不能/精神运动性坐立不安：抗抑郁药的使用与静坐不能的发生相关，表现为主观不悦或烦恼不安，需要经常走动，并伴有不能静坐或静止站立，最可能发生于治疗的最初几周内。调高剂量对于发生这些症状的患者是有害的。 低钠血症：因使用米氮平出现低钠血症的报告非常罕见。对于存在相应风险的患者，比如老年患者或合并使用已知可致低钠血症的其它药物的患者，应谨慎用药。 嗜睡：在美国进行的对照试验中，有54%接受米氮平治疗的患者出现嗜睡，安慰剂组为18%，阿米替林组为60%。这些试验中，嗜睡造成10.4%接受米氮平治疗的患者中断治疗，安慰剂组为2.2%。尚不清楚是否会对米氮平的嗜睡作用产生耐受。由于米氮平可能会显著损害行为能力，患者在从事需要警觉性的活动时应谨慎，直到他们能评估药物对自身精神运动能力所产生的影响。 头晕：在美国进行的对照试验中，7%接受米氮平治疗的患者报告头晕，安慰剂组为3%，阿米替林组为14%。尚不清楚是否会对米氮平使用有关的头晕产生耐受。 食欲/体重增加：在美国进行的对照试验中，17%接受米氮平治疗的患者报告食欲增加，安慰剂组为2%，阿米替林组为6%。在这些相同的试验中，7.5%米氮平治疗的患者体重增加≥7%，安慰剂组为0%，阿米替林组为5.9%。在美国进行的上市前临床试验，包括许多长期、开放标签治疗的患者，有8%接受米氮平治疗的患者因体重增加而停药。在一项为期8周的儿童和青少年临床试验中，每日给药剂量为15～45mg，49%接受米氮平治疗的患者体重增加至少7%，安慰剂治疗患者为5.7%。 胆固醇/甘油三酯：在美国进行的对照试验中，15%接受米氮平治疗的患者观察到非空腹胆固醇比正常值上限升高≥20% ，安慰剂组为7%，阿米替林组为8%。在这些相同的试验中，6%接受米氮平治疗的患者非空腹甘油三酯升高至≥500 mg/dL，安慰剂组为3%，阿米替林组为3%。 转氨酶升高：在美国进行的短期对照试验，2.0%接受米氮平治疗的患者（8/424）观察到临床显著的转氨酶（ALT）升高（≥3倍正常范围上限），安慰剂治疗患者为0.3%（1/328），阿米替林治疗患者为2.0%（3/181）。这些ALT升高的患者中大多数没有出现与肝功能受损有关的体征或症状。一些患者因ALT升高而停药，另一些患者尽管继续米氮平治疗，但肝酶水平恢复正常。肝功能受损患者应慎用米氮平。 黄疸：一旦出现黄疸，应停止用药。 诱发躁狂/轻度躁狂：在美国进行的研究中，约有0.2%接受米氮平治疗的患者（3/1299患者）出现躁狂/轻度躁狂。虽然躁狂/轻度躁狂的发生率在米氮平治疗期间非常低，但有躁狂/轻度躁狂病史的患者应慎用。 癫痫发作：在上市前临床试验中，2796名接受米氮平治疗的美国和非美国患者中只报告了1例癫痫发作。但是，尚未对有癫痫发作病史的患者进行对照试验。因此这些患者使用米氮平时应谨慎。 在有伴随疾病患者中的使用：在有伴随全身疾病的患者中使用米氮平的临床经验有限。因此，对伴随影响代谢或血液动力学应答的疾病或状况的患者，开具米氮平处方应谨慎。 对近期有心肌梗死或其他显著心脏疾病病史的患者未进行米氮平的系统评价或未使用米氮平至可评估的剂量。在健康志愿者中进行的早期临床药理学试验中，米氮平用药伴有显著的体位性低血压。在抑郁症患者的临床试验中少见体位性低血压。对已知在低血压情况下症状可能恶化的心血管或脑血管疾病患者（心肌梗死、心绞痛或缺血性脑卒中发作病史），以及易出现低血压状况的患者（脱水、血容量减少以及降血压药物治疗），应慎用米氮平。  中度[肾小球滤过率（GFR）=11～39 ml/min/1.73m2]和重度[GFR ＜10 ml/min/1.73 m2]肾功能损害患者的米氮平清除率降低，肝功能损害患者也是如此。这些患者应慎用米氮平（见【用法用量】）。 需要监护的情况： 对以下病症患者，应注意用药剂量并定期作仔细检查： • 癫痫和器质性脑综合征，尽管临床经验表明与其他抗抑郁药一样，服用米氮平时极少有癫痫发作，但是对于有发作史的患者使用米氮平应慎重。当患者出现癫痫或者癫痫发作频率增加应该停止使用。 • 肝功能损害患者：单剂量口服15mg米氮平后，轻中度肝功能损害患者的米氮平清除率相比肝功能正常的受试者下降约35％。米氮平的平均血浆浓度升高约55％。 • 肾功能损害患者：单剂量口服15mg米氮平后，中度（肌酐清除率＜40ml/min）和重度（肌酐清除率≤10ml/min）肾功能损害患者的米氮平清除率与正常受试者相比分别下降30％和50％。米氮平的平均血浆浓度分别升高约55％和115％。轻度肾功能损害患者（肌酐清除率＜80ml/min）与对照组相比没有显著差异。 • 心脏病如传导障碍，心绞痛和近期发作的心肌梗塞。对这类病症应采取常规预防措施并谨慎服用其他药物。 • 低血压。 • 糖尿病：糖尿病患者，抗抑郁药可能会改变血糖控制水平。可能需要调整胰岛素和/或口服降血糖药的剂量，并推荐做密切监护。 与服用其他抗抑郁药物一样，以下患者服用米氮平时应予注意： • 伴精神分裂症及其他精神病的患者服用抗抑郁药后精神病性症状会恶化，妄想可能加重。 • 处于抑郁期的双相情感障碍患者使用抗抑郁药后，患者有可能转变为躁狂相。应密切监护有躁狂症/轻度躁狂症病史的患者。任何进入躁狂期的患者，应停止使用米氮平。 • 尽管米氮平没有成瘾性，上市后用药经验显示，在长期给药后突然停止治疗有时会引起停药症状。大部分停药反应较弱且具有自限性。在各种报道的停药症状中，头晕、焦虑、激越、头疼和恶心最为常见。尽管这些都被报道为停药症状，需要注意的是，这些症状可能与基础疾病有关。如同【用法用量】，建议逐渐停止使用米氮平。 • 排尿困难（如前列腺肥大患者）、急性窄角性青光眼和眼内压增高的患者服药期间需注意观察（尽管米氮平仅有很弱的抗胆碱作用且其发生问题的机会很小）。 • 在一项54名健康受试者参加的随机、安慰剂、莫西沙星对照的临床试验中使用暴露反应分析评估了米氮平对QTc间期的影响。试验结果表明米氮平45mg剂量（治疗）和75mg剂量（超治疗）均未对QTc间期有临床意义的影响。米氮平上市后使用过程中曾报告QT延长、尖端扭转型室性心动过速、室性心动过速和猝死病例。大多数报告与过量相关或发生在有QT延长的其它风险因素的患者中，包括伴随使用延长QTc的药物。在已知有心血管疾病或QT延长家族史的患者中处方米氮平时，以及与延长QTc间期的其它药品伴随用药时，应当谨慎。 酒精：已知米氮平能叠加酒精对认知或运动技能造成损害。因此，患者在服用米氮平期间不得饮酒。 乳糖：此药物含有乳糖，伴有罕见的遗传性半乳糖不耐症，乳糖分解酵素酶缺乏或葡萄糖-半乳糖吸收障碍的患者不应服用此药。 干扰认知和运动行为：因为米氮平显著的镇静作用，可能对判断、思维，特别是运动技能造成损伤。使用米氮平造成的困倦可能会损害患者驾驶，操作机器，或完成需要警觉性任务的能力。因此，患者在参与危险活动时应谨慎，直到他们有理由确定米氮平治疗不会对他们参与这些活动的能力造成不良影响。 患者用药信息：处方医师或其他健康从业人员应告知患者、患者家属和他们的护理人员有关米氮平治疗的风险和益处，并且应提供合理用药的咨询。处方药，放于儿童不能触及的地方。 18岁以下儿童和青少年：本品不能用于18岁以下儿童和青少年患者。 在儿童和青少年服用抗抑郁药物的临床试验中，自杀相关行为（自杀企图和自杀想法）和敌对行为（主要为攻击、对立行为和愤怒）比服用安慰剂者更常见。此外，目前尚缺乏儿童和青少年服用此药对于他们的成长、发育、认知和行为的发展的长期安全数据。 完成治疗疗程：在患者采用米氮平治疗1～4周可能出现病情改善的情况下，建议他们应遵医嘱继续治疗。 合并用药：如果患者正在服用或准备服用任何处方药或非处方药，应告知医生，因为米氮平有可能会与其他药物产生相互作用。 特殊人群 孕妇及哺乳期妇女用药 如果患者怀孕或在米氮平治疗期间准备怀孕，应告知医生。 妊娠妇女使用米氮平的数据有限，未显示先天畸形的风险升高。动物试验未显示任何与临床相关的致畸作用，但是观察到了发育毒性（见【药理毒理】）。 流行病学资料表明，怀孕期使用SSRIs，特别是妊娠晚期，可能会增加新生儿持续性肺动脉高压的风险（PPHN）。虽然没有研究过PPHN与米氮平治疗之间的关系，但考虑到有关作用机制（5-羟色胺浓度的增加），不能排除这种潜在的风险。 给妊娠妇女开具米氮平处方时应谨慎，除非明确需要，米氮平不得在妊娠期间使用。如果直到分娩或分娩前不久才停用米氮平，建议对新生儿进行出生后可能的停药效应的监测。 如果患者在哺乳婴儿，应告知医生。 由于米氮平可能部分分泌至乳汁中，因此哺乳期妇女应慎用米氮平。 动物实验以及有限的临床数据表明，只有极少量的米氮平经乳汁分泌。是否中断哺乳或者中断米氮平的治疗，应该充分权衡母乳喂养对幼儿的益处以及米氮平对母亲治疗的益处，再作决定。 儿童用药 18岁以下儿童及青少年患者用药的安全性和有效性尚未确立。（见【注意事项】）。 老年用药 老年患者慎用本品。 约有190名老年人（年龄≥65岁）参与米氮平的临床试验。已知米氮平主要通过肾脏排泄（75%），在肾功能受损患者中米氮平清除率下降的风险升高。由于老年人更容易出现肾功能下降，剂量选择时应谨慎。镇静药可能造成老年人意识混乱和过度镇静。该组人群未发现异常的与年龄有关的不良现象。药代动力学试验显示老年人药物清除率下降。 药物相互作用 药效学相互作用 米氮平不应与单胺氧化酶（MAO）抑制剂合并使用或者在停用MAO抑制剂治疗的两周内使用。反之，接受米氮平治疗的患者如果需要使用MAO抑制剂治疗，之间应间隔约两周（见【禁忌】）。另外，与SSRIs一样，米氮平与其他5-羟色胺活性物质（L-色氨酸、曲坦类、曲马多、利奈唑胺、亚甲蓝、SSRIs、文拉法辛、锂和贯叶连翘（Hypericum perforatum）制剂）合并给药可能会导致发生5-羟色胺相关反应（5-羟色胺综合征，见【注意事项】）。 米氮平可能加重苯二氮卓类和其他镇静剂（特别是大多数抗精神病药、组胺H1拮抗剂、阿片类）的镇静作用。当这类药物与米氮平合用时应予以注意。12名健康受试者合并使用地西泮（15mg）对米氮平（15mg）的血浆浓度水平影响甚微。但是米氮平产生的运动技能损伤与地西泮产生的影响有叠加作用。因此，应建议患者在服用米氮平期间避免使用地西泮以及其他类似药物。 米氮平可增加酒精对中枢神经系统抑制作用，因此，治疗期间应建议患者不要饮用含酒精的饮料。 同时服用华法林的受试者每日服用米氮平30mg会引起小幅但有统计学意义的国际标准化比值（INR）增高。当增加米氮平的服用剂量时，不能排除更显著的作用，建议在米氮平和华法林同时使用时，监测INR水平。 QT延长和/或室性心律失常（例如尖端扭转型室性心动过速）风险可能随着延长QTc间期的伴随用药（例如某些抗精神病药和抗生素）和米氮平过量而增加。 药代动力学相互作用 影响肝代谢的药物：米氮平的代谢和药代动力学可能受到药物代谢酶诱导剂或抑制剂的影响。由细胞色素酶P450代谢的药物以及/或抑制细胞色素酶P450的药物： CYP酶诱导剂（以下均为稳态情况下的研究）： 苯妥英：健康男性受试者（n=18）中，苯妥英（200mg/天）使米氮平（30mg/天）的清除率增加约2倍，导致米氮平的平均血浆浓度降低45%。米氮平对苯妥英的药代动力学影响不明显。 卡马西平：健康男性受试者（n=24）中，卡马西平（400mg，2次/天）使米氮平（15mg，2次/天）的清除率增加约2倍，导致米氮平的平均血浆浓度降低60%。当苯妥英，卡马西平或其他的肝代谢诱导剂（如利福平）与米氮平同用时，米氮平的剂量可能需要增加。如果停用此类药品，米氮平的剂量可能需要降低。 CYP酶抑制剂： 西咪替丁：健康男性受试者（n=12）接受西咪替丁，一种弱CYP1A2、CYP2D6、CYP3A4抑制剂（800mg，2次/天），达稳态后与稳态下的米氮平（30mg/天）合用，米氮平曲线下面积（AUC）增加超过50％。米氮平不改变西咪替丁的药代动力学特征。当开始合用西咪替丁时，米氮平可能需要减量，当停用西咪替丁时则应增加米氮平剂量。 酮康唑：健康男性白种人中（n=24）合用强CYP3A4抑制剂酮康唑（200mg ，2次/天，连续6.5天），可使单剂量30mg米氮平的血浆峰浓度和AUC分别升高约40％和50％。 当米氮平与强CYP3A4抑制剂、HIV蛋白酶抑制剂、唑类抗真菌剂、红霉素或奈法唑酮合用时应谨慎。 帕罗西汀：一项在健康、强CYP2D6代谢受试者（n=24）体内相互作用研究显示，稳态下的米氮平（30mg/天）不改变稳态下帕罗西汀（40mg/天），一种CYP2D6抑制剂的药代动力学特征。 其它药物－药物相互作用 阿米替林：在健康、强CYP2D6代谢受试者（n=32）中，稳态下阿米替林（75mg/天）不改变稳态下米氮平（30mg/天）的药代动力学特征；米氮平也不改变阿米替林的药代动力学特征。 锂：未发现健康男性受试者稳态下的亚治疗剂量锂（600mg/天，连续10天）对单剂量30mg米氮平产生临床效应或明显的药代动力学改变。尚不清楚较高剂量的锂对米氮平药代动力学的作用。 利培酮：一项在需要抗精神病药和抗抑郁药治疗的受试者（n=6）中的非随机化、相互作用的体内研究显示，米氮平（30mg/天）稳态下不影响利培酮（最高达3mg，2次/天）的药代动力学。 药理作用 米氮平具有四环结构，属于哌嗪-氮卓类化合物。本品治疗严重抑郁症的作用机制尚不清楚，临床前试验显示米氮平可增强中枢去甲肾上腺素和5-羟色胺活性，这可能与米氮平为中枢突触前抑制性α2肾上腺素受体拮抗剂相关。 米氮平是5-HT2和5-HT3受体的强拮抗剂，但对5-HT1A和5-HT1B受体没有明显的亲和力。同时，米氮平是H1受体的强效拮抗剂，这种属性可解释其明显的镇静作用；米氮平对α1肾上腺素受体具有中等强度的拮抗作用，这种属性可解释其使用中报道的偶发性体位性低血压；米氮平对M受体具有中等强度拮抗作用，这种属性可解释其相对低的抗胆碱副作用发生率。 毒理研究 遗传毒性：Ames试验、体外中国仓鼠V79细胞基因突变试验、体外培养家兔淋巴细胞姊妹染色体交换试验、大鼠骨髓微核试验和HeLa细胞程序外DNA合成试验结果均为阴性。 生殖毒性：大鼠给予米氮平达100mg/kg剂量（以mg/m2计，为人最大推荐剂量的20倍），未发现对交配、妊娠的影响，但剂量为人最大推荐剂量的3倍或以上剂量时，动物的动情期中断，20倍剂量时，发生着床前丢失。 妊娠大鼠和家孕兔剂量分别达100mg/kg和40mg/kg（以mg/m2计，分别为人最大推荐剂量的20和17倍）时未发现有致畸作用。但给予米氮平的妊娠大鼠的着床后丢失增加，哺乳期前3天幼仔死亡增加（死亡的原因尚不清楚），幼仔出生体重降低，这些作用发生在人最大推荐剂量20倍剂量时，3倍剂量时未出现。 致癌性：采用掺食法进行了大鼠给药2、20和60mg/kg/天、小鼠2、20和200mg/kg/天的致癌性研究（以mg/m2计，大、小鼠最大剂量分别约为人推荐最大剂量的12和20倍）。结果显示，高剂量组雄性小鼠的肝细胞腺瘤和癌的发生率增加；中、高剂量组雌性大鼠肝细胞腺瘤，及高剂量组雄性大鼠肝细胞腺瘤和甲状腺滤泡腺瘤/囊腺瘤及癌的发生率增加。这些资料提示上述作用可能是由非基因毒性机制介导，其与人的相关性尚不清楚。 小鼠研究中给药剂量可能不足够高，没有充分反映出米氮平潜在致癌性特点。 药代动力学 口服米氮平片后其活性成份米氮平很快被吸收（生物利用度约为50%）。约二小时后血浆浓度达到高峰。米氮平约85%与血浆蛋白结合。平均半衰期为20～40小时；偶见长达65小时的半衰期；在年轻人中也偶见较短的半衰期。清除半衰期的大小适于将服用方式定为每日一次。血药浓度在服药3～4天后达到稳态，此后将无体内聚积现象。在所推荐的剂量范围内，米氮平呈线性药代动力学。与食物同服不会影响米氮平的药代动力学特征。 米氮平在服药后几天内大多被代谢并通过尿液和粪便排出体外。其主要生物转化方式为脱甲基及氧化反应，其次为结合反应。对人类肝脏微粒体生物体外的研究表明细胞色素P450酶CYP2D6和CYP1A2参与米氮平的8-羟基代谢物的形成。CYP3A4被认为负责N-去甲基和N-氧化物代谢物的形成。脱甲后的代谢产物仍具有药理学活性，并和原化合物具有一样的药代动力学特性。 肾功能不全：米氮平的清除与肌酐清除率相关。与正常受试者相比，米氮平的总体清除率在中度肾功能损害患者（肌酐清除率（Clcr）=11～39ml/min/1.73 m2）下降约30％，在重度肾功能损害患者（Clcr = <10 ml/min/1.73 m2）下降约50%。肾功能损害患者应慎用米氮平（见【注意事项】和【用法用量】）。 肝功能不全：与正常肝功能受试者相比，单次口服15mg米氮平片后，肝功能损害患者的米氮平清除率下降约30%。肝功能损害患者应慎用米氮平（见【注意事项】和【用法用量】）。 药品中标价格 （数据来源：国家第八批集采、戊戌数据整理） END ★ 点击下方卡片，发现更多精彩