Linezolid

Publication of first ever head-to-head comparison of gut microbiome changes associated with novel oral preclinical PolC (pol IIIC*) inhibitors to linezolid in a murine neutropenic thigh infection model Structural molecular modification of molecules related to ibezapolstat (IBZ) improved solubility and systemic exposure of novel Pol IIIC inhibitors with all three tested Pol IIIC inhibitors reduced MRSA burden in a neutropenic mouse thigh model Pol IIIC inhibitors in this study maintained high gut microbial diversity, as well as preserved microbiome metabolic function, in contrast to the marked disruption shown by linezolid Pol IIIC inhibitor compounds specifically preserved anaerobic microbiome components and metabolism, whereas linezolid induced depletion and disruption of healthy anaerobic bacterial communities Acurx's DNA pol IIIC inhibitor preclinical product candidates are FDA QIDP and Fast-Track eligible and target Gram-positive infections classified as Serious Threat priorities by CDC STATEN ISLAND, N.Y., Oct. 21, 2026 /PRNewswire/ -- Acurx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ: ACXP) ("Acurx" or the "Company"), a late-stage biopharmaceutical company developing a new class of antibiotics for serious and life-threatening bacterial infections, today announced publication in the ASM (American Society for Microbiology) Microbiology Spectrum journal of results of a study entitled: The effects of novel oral preclinical PolC inhibitor antibiotic candidates on the gut microbiome in a murine thigh infection model. These findings confirm in vivo antibacterial activity at tested doses while suggesting that further structural or dosing optimization may enhance tissue-level efficacy. Compared with oral linezolid, a commonly used oral therapy for gram-positive infections, orally dosed Pol IIIC inhibitors demonstrated a consistent class characterized by preservation of a Bacteroidota-dominant murine gut community and maintenance of anaerobic metabolic pathways. These experiments also highlight the importance of microbiome-informed antibiotic evaluation in preclinical studies. Kevin Garey, PharmD, MS, FIDSA and Principal Investigator for microbiology and microbiome aspects of Acurx's DNA pol IIIC program and the Robert L. Boblitt, Endowed Professor in Drug Discovery at the University of Houston College of Pharmacy is the lead author and commented on the significance of the data: "Discovering highly selective antibacterial agents that specifically target systemic bacterial pathogens while avoiding the eradication of trillions of health-promoting bacteria in our gut microbiome remains a "Holy Grail" of antibiotic development. Work in our laboratory with Acurx's novel DNA pol IIIC inhibitors has advanced this work by demonstrating favorable gut microbiome-sparing effects of this novel class of antibiotics. It further emphasizes the value of incorporating microbiome profiling into the earliest phases of new antibiotic clinical research programs." Robert J. DeLuccia, Executive Chairman of Acurx, stated: "Acurx is at the forefront of pioneering Antimicrobial Stewardship with antibiotics by discovering and developing innovative narrow-spectrum antibiotics which cause minimal gut dysbiosis. This Microbiome Stewardship dimension, which we believe should be fundamental to driving today's drug discovery and development process, is emerging as a new standard in the field of human anti-infective research". Acurx's portfolio of preclinical compounds include clinical applications for infections caused by MRSA such as: ABSSI, Hospital Acquired and Ventilator Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia, bacteremia with or without sepsis and/or endocarditis, bone and joint and diabetic foot infections and B. anthracis (anthrax; a Bioterrorism Category A Threat-Level pathogen). *Pol IIIC is alternative nomenclature for Pol C The publication is available on the Acurx Pharmaceuticals website ASM publication: About ASM (American Society for Microbiology) Spectrum Microbiology Spectrum® is an online-only, fully open-access journal that publishes research from all domains of basic, applied, and clinical microbial sciences. Rather than making subjective evaluations of potential impact, Microbiology Spectrum publishes research studies that are of high technical quality and are useful to the community. All decisions are made by an international and diverse editorial board that fully represents the microbiology research community. About MRSA ( Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ) While ibezapolstat for the treatment of C. difficile Infection (CDI) is ready to advance to Phase 3 international pivotal trials, Acurx's R&D platform has sustainability for additional new product candidates from its pipeline of systemic (oral and IV) antibiotics to treat infections caused by other susceptible and antimicrobial resistant bacteria, including infections caused by MRSA. The CDC estimates ~323,700 hospital cases of MRSA infections annually with ~10,600 deaths. In a recent CDC surveillance study in hospitalized patients in the US, MRSA accounted for 52% of all infections, almost twice as many as MDR Gram-negative infections. Clinical applications for these infections include: ABSSI, Hospital Acquired and Ventilator Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia, bacteremia with or without sepsis and/or endocarditis, bone and joint, diabetic foot infections. Acurx's DNA pol IIIC inhibitor preclinical product candidates are FDA QIDP and Fast-Track eligible and target Gram-positive infections classified as Serious Threat priorities by CDC. About the Neutropenic Mouse Model The purpose of the murine thigh MRSA infection model was to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of the PolC inhibitor compounds using linezolid as a control. Animal experiments were conducted at NeoSome Life Sciences, an American Association for the Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care-accredited facility. All experiments were approved by the NeoSome Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol number NLS24-011). Female CD-1 mice (Charles River Laboratories) were rendered neutropenic by two intraperitoneal doses of cyclophosphamide and acclimated for 5 days prior to study initiation. Mice were housed four per cage with ad libitum access to food and water. All animals were inoculated intramuscularly in the right rear thigh with a prepared bacterial suspension containing MRSA strain BAA-1717 (USA 300) at time 0, achieving a final inoculum of 1.8 × 105 colony-forming unit (CFU) per mouse thigh. Antibiotic treatment began 1 h post-infection, with each cage serving as an independent experimental unit receiving a single drug–dose combination. Acurx previously announced that the first patient has been enrolled in its new clinical trial (PATHFINDER) in patients with multiply recurrent C. difficile Infection (rCDI). This new, fully funded,PATHFINDER clinical trial is a pilot trial in approximately 20 patients with multiply-recurrent CDI (at least three episodes over the past 12 months) and will support filing of a U.S. NDA (New Drug Application) based on a single Phase 3 trial. The PATHFINDER Phase 2 multicenter, open-label, single-arm study evaluates the efficacy and safety of ibezapolstat in the treatment and reduction of recurrence of CDI in patients who have experienced at least 3 episodes of CDI within the past 12 months. Participants will be treated with IBZ for 14 days and assessed for Clinical Cure (Day 16), Sustained Clinical Cure (Day 42), rate of CDI recurrence (to Week 24), and Extended Clinical Cure (to Week 24). Separately, the planned ASPIRE trial is of non-inferiority design with the primary efficacy analysis in the Modified Intent-To-Treat (mITT) population and will result in approximately 550 subjects in the mITT population, randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either ibezapolstat or standard-of-care vancomycin. The ASPIRE trial will be conducted when the Company has sufficient resources from public or private partnership(s) to fund this trial. Acurx previously announced the successful outcome of a Type C Meeting conducted with FDA on July 13, 2026 to discuss ibezapolstat's Phase 3 clinical program and scope of its planned NDA. The Agency stated that it is open to further discussion at a Pre-NDA Meeting regarding the possibility of submitting an NDA with only a single Phase 3 trial, depending on the totality of the clinical data plus any other supportive data that Acurx may generate by that milestone. The Agency noted that determination of acceptability of one Phase 3 clinical trial for an NDA is made on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration such factors as the magnitude, consistency, and overall robustness of the efficacy results; generalizability of the results to the US population; relevance of the results to US patient care and clinical practice guidelines; Phase 2 data; and an adequate safety database. The Agency acknowledged Acurx's planned clinical trial in recurrent CDI (rCDI) and noted the data from this rCDI trial, if successful, would support an NDA submission. If the IBZ-ASPIRE trial does not meet these criteria, then a second trial consistent with the agreement reached at the end of Phase 2 (EOP2) meeting on April 27, 2024, is recommended. The currently planned IBZ-ASPIRE trial is of non-inferiority design with the primary efficacy analysis in the Modified Intent-To-Treat (mITT) population. This will result in approximately 550 subjects in the mITT population, randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either ibezapolstat or standard-of-care vancomycin. The Agency also agreed with the overall trial design and evaluation criteria and further agreed that the trial testing criteria, if successful, could support indications for both the acute treatment and the reduction of recurrence of CDI. In the event non-inferiority of ibezapolstat to vancomycin for Clinical Cure of CDI is demonstrated, further analyses will be conducted to test for superiority for reduction of recurrence and for clinical cure of CDI. About Ibezapolstat Ibezapolstat is the Company's lead antibiotic candidate targeting patients with C. difficile infection. The Company has initiated enrollment of a ground-breaking clinical trial in patients with multiply-recurrent CDI (rCDI) with the first patient enrolled in September 2026. This open-label, single arm 20-patient, pilot trial will enroll patients with multiply-recurrent CDI with at least 3 prior episodes of CDI within the past 12 months. If successful, the Company plans to target a Phase 3 regulatory strategy with just one Phase 3 registration trial in rCDI pursuant to FDA's Limited Population Pathway for Antibacterial and Antifungal Drugs (LPAD Pathway), subject to concurrence with FDA, based on the data generated in the open-label trial. Upon subsequent successful completion of a Ph3 pivotal rCDI trial, and per the operative FDA procedure, Acurx plans to request FDA approval for treatment and prevention of rCDI. Successful trial outcome has the potential to shift the paradigm of treatment and prevention of rCDI from two agents to one. In addition, subject to receiving appropriate funding, Acurx is planning to advance to international Phase 3 clinical trials to treat patients with acute C. difficile infection. As previously announced, the Company has received final FDA agreement for our ibezapolstat pivotal Phase 3 trial in acute CDI. Their advice included and confirmed the non-inferiority study design elements, the patient population, primary and secondary endpoints, and size of the registration safety database. Acurx also now has a clear roadmap for conduct of its Phase 3 program in acute CDI and, if successful, requirements for US NDA submission. Ibezapolstat is a novel, orally administered antibiotic, being developed as a Gram-Positive Selective Spectrum (GPSS®) antibacterial. It is the first of a new class of DNA polymerase IIIC inhibitors under development by Acurx to treat bacterial infections. Ibezapolstat's unique spectrum of activity, which includes C. difficile but spares other Firmicutes and the important Actinobacteria phyla, appears to contribute to the maintenance of a healthy gut microbiome. In June 2018, ibezapolstat was designated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a Qualified Infectious Disease Product (QIDP) for the treatment of patients with CDI and will be eligible to benefit from the incentives for the development of new antibiotics established under the Generating New Antibiotic Incentives Now (GAIN) Act. In 2019, FDA granted "Fast Track" designation to ibezapolstat for the treatment of patients with CDI. The CDC has designated C. difficile as an urgent threat highlighting the need for new antibiotics to treat CDI. About the Ibezapolstat Phase 2 Clinical Trial The completed multicenter, open-label single-arm segment (Phase 2a) study was followed by a double-blind, randomized, active-controlled, non-inferiority, segment (Phase 2b) at 28 US clinical trial sites which together comprise the Phase 2 clinical trial. (see ). This Phase 2 clinical trial was designed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of ibezapolstat in the treatment of CDI including pharmacokinetics and microbiome changes from baseline and continue to test for anti-recurrence microbiome properties seen in the Phase 2a trial, including the treatment-related changes in alpha diversity and bacterial abundance and effects on bile acid metabolism. (Data published in Lancet, August 2025 (25)00054-0/fulltext). About Clostridioides difficile Infection (CDI) and Recurrent CDI (rCDI) According to the 2017 Update (published February 2018) of the Clinical Practice Guidelines for C. difficile Infection by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society or Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), CDI remains a significant medical problem in hospitals, in long-term care facilities and in the community. C. difficile is one of the most common causes of health care-associated infections in U.S. hospitals (Lessa, 2015, NEJM). Recent estimates suggest C. difficile approaches 500,000 infections annually in the U.S. and is associated with approximately 30,000 deaths annually. (Guh, 2020, NEJM. Based on internal estimates, the recurrence rate for the antibiotics currently used to treat CDI is between 20% and 40% among approximately 150,000 patients treated. We believe the annual incidence of CDI in the U.S. approaches 600,000 infections and a mortality rate of approximately 9.3%. In recent studies, rCDI incidence ranges from 4% to 19.5% following treatment with fidaxomicin and 17 to 27% following treatment with vancomycin. In patients with multiple prior episodes of CDI, rCDI following treatment with vancomycin is even more problematic, with an incidence of up to 40%. Consequently, the principal unmet medical need in this disease is the prevention of recurrence. The estimated annual public health cost burden in the U.S. annually is ~$5 billion annually with ~$2.8 billion due to recurrent CDI. About the Microbiome in C. difficile Infection (CDI) and Bile Acid Metabolism C. difficile can be a normal component of the healthy gut microbiome, but when the microbiome is thrown out of balance, the C. difficile can thrive and cause an infection. After colonization with C. difficile, the organism produces and releases the main virulence factors, the two large clostridial toxins A (TcdA) and B (TcdB). (Kachrimanidou, Microorganisms 2020, 8, 200; doi:10.3390/microorganisms8020200.) TcdA and TcdB are exotoxins that bind to human intestinal epithelial cells and are responsible for inflammation, fluid and mucous secretion, as well as damage to the intestinal mucosa. Bile acids perform many functional roles in the GI tract, with one of the most important being maintenance of a healthy microbiome by inhibiting C. difficile growth. Primary bile acids, which are secreted by the liver into the intestines, promote germination of C. difficile spores and thereby increase the risk of recurrent CDI after successful treatment of an initial episode. On the other hand, secondary bile acids, which are produced by normal gut microbiota through metabolism of primary bile acids, do not induce C. difficile sporulation and therefore protect against recurrent disease. Since ibezapolstat treatment leads to minimal disruption of the gut microbiome, bacterial production of secondary bile acids continues which may contribute to an anti-recurrence effect. Beneficial effects of bile acids include a decrease in primary bile acids and an increase in secondary bile acids in patients with CDI, which was observed in the Company's Ph2a trial results and previously reported (CID, 2022). In the Ph2b trial, ibezapolstat-treated patients showed lower concentrations of fecal primary bile acids, and higher beneficial ratio of secondary to primary bile acids than vancomycin-treated patients. About Acurx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Acurx Pharmaceuticals is a late-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing a new class of small molecule antibiotics for serious and life-threatening bacterial infections. The Company's approach is to develop antibiotic candidates with a Gram-positive selective spectrum (GPSS®) that blocks the active site of the Gram+ specific bacterial enzyme DNA polymerase IIIC (pol IIIC), inhibiting DNA replication and leading to Gram-positive bacterial cell death. Its R&D pipeline includes antibiotic product candidates that target Gram-positive bacteria, including Clostridioides difficile, methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin resistant Enterococcus (VRE), drug- resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (DRSP) and B. anthracis (anthrax; a Bioterrorism Category A Threat-Level pathogen). Acurx's lead product candidate, ibezapolstat, for the treatment of C. difficile Infection (CDI) is Phase 3 ready to advance to international clinical trials subject to obtaining appropriate financing. Acurx has received FDA guidance in meeting minutes from a July 13, 2026 Type C Meeting to discuss ibezapolstat's (IBZ) Phase 3 clinical program, including the potential to submit an NDA (New Drug Application) based on a single Phase 3 trial and a clinical trial design intended to support indications for both treatment and reduction of recurrence of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). FDA stated that it is open to further discussion on the totality of evidence from the clinical development program at a pre-NDA meeting after completion of a single Phase 3 trial and any other clinical trials conducted prior to the pre-NDA meeting, particularly if the clinical efficacy results are robust. Additionally, the Agency agreed that a successful clinical outcome from a single IBZ-ASPIRE Phase 3 trial, supported by the open-label IBZ-PATHFINDER Phase 2 trial in multiply-recurrent CDI (rCDI) will allow an NDA filing for both the acute treatment and the reduction of recurrence of CDI. The IBZ-PATHFINDER trial is currently enrolling. ? term=acurx&viewType=Card&rank=2 The Company's preclinical pipeline includes development of an oral product candidate for treatment of ABSSSI (Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections), upon which a development program for prophylaxis of inhaled anthrax is being planned in parallel. To learn more about Acurx Pharmaceuticals and its product pipeline, please visit . Forward-Looking Statements Any statements in this press release about our future expectations, plans and prospects, including statements regarding our strategy, future operations, prospects, plans and objectives, and other statements containing the words "believes", "anticipates," "plans,""expects," and similar expressions, constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Actual results may differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements as a result of various important factors, including: whether ibezapolstat will benefit from the QIDP designation; whether ibezapolstat will advance through the clinical trial process on a timely basis; whether the results of the clinical trials of ibezapolstat will warrant the submission of applications for marketing approval, and if so, whether ibezapolstat will receive approval from the FDA or equivalent foreign regulatory agencies where approval is sought; whether, if ibezapolstat obtains approval, it will be successfully distributed and marketed; and other risks and described in the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 12 2026, and in the Company's subsequent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this press release, and Acurx disclaims any intent or obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements, except as may be required by law. Investor Contact: Acurx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. David P. Luci, President & CEO Tel: 917-533-1469 Email: [email protected] SOURCE Acurx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 21% more press release views with Request a Demo

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents Volume 67, Issue 12 国际抗微生物制剂杂志 67卷 12期 https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/international-journal-of-antimicrobial-agents/vol/67/issue/12 Klebsiella pneumoniae（肺炎克雷伯菌） 1.  Remodelling the host immune microenvironment in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: An evidence-graded framework for host-directed intervention 耐碳青霉烯肺炎克雷伯菌感染中宿主免疫微环境重塑：宿主导向干预的证据分级框架 Xiaolin Liang, Junwei Wang, Chao Liu, Qingyuan Gao, ... Yan He Article 108000 Reviews（综述） 2.  Pharmacokinetic and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) considerations of ceftaroline and ceftobiprole for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections: A systematic review 头孢洛林与头孢比罗治疗金黄色葡萄球菌感染的药代动力学及药代/药效学（PK/PD）考量：系统评价 Camilla Genovese, Marta Colaneri, Enrico Sguazzini, Donatella Maddalena, ... Marta Ulldemolins Article 107959 3.  Antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori: pathogenic mechanisms and eradication barriers 幽门螺杆菌的抗生素耐药性：致病机制与根除障碍 Meenakshi Kandpal, Siddharth Singh, Harshita Shrivastava, Himanshi Jindal, ... Hem Chandra Jha Article 107981 4.  Clinical pharmacology and therapeutic considerations of isavuconazole in special populations: A narrative review 艾沙康唑在特殊人群中的临床药理学特征与治疗考量：叙述性综述 Shichao Zhu, Rongsong Xia, Jing Yang, Fei Tang, ... Xuewen Qiu Article 108005 5.  Nipah virus: An exceptionally virulent emerging zoonotic pathogen 尼帕病毒：一种高毒力新发人兽共患病病原体 Hao Sun, Xin Yuan, Jinyan Li, Xitang Li, ... Guangcai Duan Article 107990 6.  Examining the global antimicrobial resistance surveillance landscape in food-producing animals 食用动物全球抗菌药物耐药性监测体系现状探析 Vika Li, Shaina Craig, Shabbir Simjee Article 108008 Full Length Articles（全文论著） 7.  Proteomics reveals the mechanism by which sodium oleate decreases Escherichia coli susceptibility to gentamicin 蛋白质组学揭示油酸钠降低大肠埃希菌对庆大霉素敏感性的机制 Lvyuan Fan, Jingyun Wu, Ziyi Zhang, Liting Cai, ... Guozhu Ye Article 107989 8.  Real-world use of liposomal amphotericin B: A large retrospective, observational, multicentre study 脂质体两性霉素 B 在现实中的应用：一项大型回顾性观察性多中心研究 Claudia Bartalucci, Daniele Roberto Giacobbe, Marco Muccio, Silvia Sisto, ... Giulia Viero Article 107952 9.  Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance among children under 5 years 1990−2021: A systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050 1990—2021年全球5岁以下儿童细菌耐药性疾病负担：系统分析及至2050年预测 Shanshan Wang, Fei Xie, Shaowei Sang Article 107995 10.   Evaluation of vancomycin bolus/standard and continuous infusion on nephrotoxicity in a rat model 大鼠模型中万古霉素推注/常规给药与持续输注方案的肾毒性评价 Sylwia Marianski, Gwendolyn M. Pais, Colin Jeantet, Renz Paulo Melicor, ... Marc H. Scheetz Article 107988 11.   Prevalence of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella in animals in China: The key role of ESBL, AmpC, and other β-lactamase strains in the genome 我国动物源第三代头孢菌素耐药沙门菌流行情况：ESBL、AmpC 及其他 β- 内酰胺酶菌株在基因组中的关键作用 Fangqin Liu, Lu Zhang, Qi Zhao, Min Cheng, ... Chunping Zhang Article 107992 12.   Real-world safety signals of fluoroquinolone-associated peripheral neuropathy: Analysis of US and Canadian databases combined with mechanistic exploration 氟喹诺酮类药物相关周围神经病变在现实中的安全信号：美、加数据库联合分析及机制探讨 Bingjian Guo, Ziwei Zou, Junfei Lu, Shimei Tan, Lingyan Mai Article 107993 13.   Appropriate therapy and survival in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales bacteraemia: A multicentre cohort study on epidemiology and risk factors 碳青霉烯耐药肠杆菌科细菌菌血症的恰当治疗与生存率：一项关于流行病学及危险因素的多中心队列研究 Yae Jee Baek, Se Yoon Park, Jung Ho Kim, Hye Seong, ... Yoon Soo Park Article 108001 14.   Ecological antagonism constrains receptor-diverse phage cocktail efficacy against multidrug-resistant Enterobacter hormaechei 生态拮抗作用限制受体多样性噬菌体鸡尾酒制剂对多重耐药霍氏肠杆菌的疗效 Bai-Ling Zhang, Ming-Yu Jiang, Xiu-Zhen Chen, Xiao-Qi Yang, ... Wei Chen Article 108004 15.   Genomic epidemiology and resistance determinants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in bronchiectasis across China: A multicentre study 全国支气管扩张患者铜绿假单胞菌的基因组流行病学及耐药决定因子研究：一项多中心研究 Linlin Xu, Qing Chen, Aikuang Ma, Kang Xu, ... Xiaoli Wang Article 108010 16.   Pharmacovigilance signals and regional burden of antibiotic-associated Clostridioides difficile infection: A pharmacovigilance study and Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 药物警戒信号与抗生素相关艰难梭菌感染的区域疾病负担：一项药物警戒研究及 2023 年全球疾病负担研究 Dain Y. Kim, Hyunjeong Kim, Hyunyi Yoo, Hyoin Shin, ... Dong Keon Yon Article 108013 17.   Aztreonam-avibactam activity against Enterobacterales from Asia Pacific and Latin American medical centres: Summary of 5 years of surveillance prior to clinical use (2020–2024) 氨曲南 - 阿维巴坦对亚太及拉美地区医疗机构肠杆菌目细菌的抗菌活性：临床应用前 5 年监测汇总（2020–2024） Helio S. Sader, Rodrigo E. Mendes, John H. Kimbrough, Krisztina M. Papp-Wallace, Mariana Castanheira Article 108003 18.   Vancomycin population pharmacokinetics and optimized dosing in critically ill infants and children 危重症婴幼儿万古霉素群体药代动力学与优化给药方案 Tavey Dorofaeff, Xin Liu, Emmanuel Novy, Mark G. Coulthard, ... Jason A. Roberts Article 108006 19.   Pulmonary penetration of intravenous rifabutin in healthy participants: A multiple-dose pharmacokinetic study 健康受试者静脉输注利福布汀的肺组织穿透性：一项多剂量药代动力学研究 Valentin al Jalali, Anselm Jorda, Lena Pracher, Amelie Leutzendorff, ... Markus Zeitlinger Article 108014 20.   A clinical prediction model to support risk-adapted fibrinogen monitoring during tigecycline therapy: Multicentre development and validation 替加环素治疗期间用于风险分层纤维蛋白原监测的临床预测模型：多中心构建与验证 Jinlin Guo, Xinfeng Cai, Yayu Huo, Hongping Wen, ... Ruigang Hou Article 108012 Short Communications（短篇通讯） 21.   Long-term treatment durability and safety after switching to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in real-world practice: a 144-week update from the BICTEL cohort 真实世界中换用比克替拉韦/恩曲他滨/丙酚替诺福韦后的长期疗效持久性与安全性：BICTEL队列144周更新数据 Luca Bortolani, Riccardo Donà, Antonietta Impellizzeri, Vlad Racolta, ... Gabriella d'Ettorre Article 107991 22.   Daptomycin or linezolid versus vancomycin for the treatment of vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus faecium bloodstream infections 达托霉素或利奈唑胺对比万古霉素治疗万古霉素敏感型屎肠球菌血流感染 Samantha Poloni, Timothée Klopfenstein, Adrien Biguenet, Mathieu Blot, ... Anne-Sophie Brunel Article 107994 23.   Silent carriage of tigecycline- and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella quasipneumoniae co-harbouring tet(X4) and blaNDM-1 in healthy individuals in China 国健康人群中携带tet(X4)与blaNDM-1基因的耐替加环素及碳青霉烯类准肺炎克雷伯菌的静默携带现象 Jing Wang, Zelin Yan, Heng Shen, Ling Xin, ... Rong Zhang Article 108009 24.   Caspofungin pharmacokinetics in a child undergoing continuous veno-venous haemodiafiltration: A case report 接受连续性静脉 - 静脉血液透析滤过治疗患儿的卡泊芬净药代动力学：1 例病例报告 Noémie de Cacqueray, Agathe Béranger, Leo Froelicher Bournaud, Mathilde Grapin, ... Mehdi Oualha Article 108002 Letters to the Editor（致编辑信） 25.   Comment on "stepwise within-host evolution of a blaCTX-M-27-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae clone under changing antimicrobial pressures leading to enhancement of β-lactam resistance" 评述《抗菌药物压力变化下产blaCTX-M-27肺炎克雷伯菌克隆株在宿主体内逐步进化并增强β内酰胺耐药性》 Evy Diah Woelansari, Sari Luthfiyah, Juliana Christyaningsih, Tacik Idayanti, Anita Dwi Anggraini Article 107987 26.   blaNDM-4-carrying Klebsiella pneumoniae: an uncommon but epidemiologically informative signal in public genomes 携带blaNDM-4基因的肺炎克雷伯菌：公开基因组中一种少见但具流行病学提示价值的信号 Yan Feng, Yu Feng, Xiaoting Hua, Chao Zhuo, Zhiyong Zong Article 107982 27.   Comment on “Aztreonam–avibactam pharmacokinetics during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support: First insights from a case report” 对《体外膜肺氧合支持期间氨曲南 - 阿维巴坦的药代动力学：一则病例报告的初步探索》的评论 Guanghui Chen, Haibo Lei, Liang Long, Xiang Liu Article 107961 28.   Comment on “The antiarrhythmic drugs dronedarone and amiodarone exhibit potent in vitro and in vivo activity against clostridioides difficile” 对《抗心律失常药物决奈达隆与胺碘酮在体内外均具有强大的艰难梭菌抑制活性》的评论 Zareena Begum Shaik, Thirupathi Gorre, Harikiran Lingabathula Article 107976 29.   In reply to the letter to editor regarding ‘discrepancy between WGS-based genotypic and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing of first and second-line drugs for Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Limited impact of unknown resistance mechanisms’ 回复致编辑信：《结核分枝杆菌一线与二线药物基于全基因组测序的基因型药敏试验与表型药敏试验结果不一致：未知耐药机制的影响有限》 Peng Xu, Qian Gao Article 107999 30.   In Reply to the Letter to Editor Regarding Tissue Pharmacokinetics of Antifungal Drugs: A Review 回复致编辑的信：《抗真菌药物的组织药代动力学：综述》 Felix Bergmann, Marlene Prager, Markus Zeitlinger Article 107996 31.   In reply to letter to editor regarding ``a multicenter, randomised, double-blind, imipenem/cilastatin-controlled clinical study of cefiderocol for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections caused by Gram-negative pathogens in Chinese adults'' 回复致编辑的信：《头孢地尔治疗中国成人革兰阴性菌所致复杂性尿路感染的多中心、随机、双盲、以亚胺培南 / 西司他丁为对照的临床研究》 Jinyi Yuan, Deyong Fan, Henglan Wu, Bei Jia, ... Yingyuan Zhang Article 107983 32.   In reply to the Letter to the Editor regarding “Disrupting bacterial metabolism by targeting LDH reverses aminoglycoside resistance in Streptococcus suis” 针对《靶向乳酸脱氢酶干扰细菌代谢可逆转猪链球菌对氨基糖苷类药物的耐药性》一文致编者信的回复 Yang Wang, Shuji Gao, Baobao Liu, Yuxin Wang Article 108007 33.   Comment on “Discrepancy between WGS-based genotypic and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing of first- and second-line drugs for Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Limited impact of unknown resistance mechanisms” 对《结核分枝杆菌一线及二线药物基于全基因组测序的基因型药敏试验与表型药敏试验结果不一致性：未知耐药机制的影响有限》一文的述评 Manish R. Bhise, Akshay Akotkar, Shweta Bhandari, Kuldip V. Gite Article 107997 34.   Response to the Comment on ‘Burden and global distribution of antimicrobial resistance in nonbloodstream infections among adults with cirrhosis: A systematic review and proportional meta-analysis’ 针对《肝硬化成人非血流感染中抗菌药物耐药负担及全球分布：一项系统综述与比例 Meta 分析》一文评述的回复 Ellis K. Paintsil, Cansu Ozdemir, Tuhin Paul, Kasope Egoh, ... Debbie L. Shawcross Article 108019