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更新于：2026-06-09
Isoflurane
异氟烷
更新于：2026-06-09
概要
基本信息
药物类型 小分子化药 |
别名 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether、Isoflurane (JP17/USP/INN)、COMPOUND 469 + [10] |
作用方式 阻滞剂、激动剂、拮抗剂 |
作用机制 ATP2C1 blockers(ATPase secretory pathway Ca2+ transporting 1 blockers)、GABRA1激动剂(gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha1 agonists)、GLRA1 agonists(glycine receptor alpha 1 agonists) |
治疗领域 |
在研适应症 |
非在研适应症- |
非在研机构- |
权益机构- |
最高研发阶段批准上市 |
首次获批日期 美国 (1979-12-18), |
最高研发阶段(中国)批准上市 |
特殊审评快速通道 (美国) |
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结构/序列
分子式C3H2ClF5O |
InChIKeyPIWKPBJCKXDKJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
CAS号26675-46-7 |
关联
169
项与 异氟烷 相关的临床试验NCT07435402
Reduction of Muscle Catabolism Through Brain Activation in Burn Patients (REMBRANT)
NCT07000526
Inhaled Sedation in Critically Ill Patients: a Multicentre Randomized Clinical Trial
NCT07496593
Comparative Study Between Total Intravenous Anesthesia (TIVA) Versus Balanced Anesthesia in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Video-Assisted Thoracoscopy.
100 项与 异氟烷 相关的临床结果
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100 项与 异氟烷 相关的转化医学
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100 项与 异氟烷 相关的专利（医药）
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12,957
项与 异氟烷 相关的文献（医药）2026-12-31Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
Prenatal cigarette smoke exposure increases vulnerability to chronic retinal hypoperfusion in adult rats
Article
作者: Mammel, Barbara ; Gyarmati, Judit ; Helyes, Zsuzsanna ; Szabo, Zsofia ; Atlasz, Tamas ; Kiss, Peter ; Ertl, Tibor ; Reglodi, Dora ; Werling, Dora ; Kvarik, Timea
BACKGROUND:
Numerous studies indicate that smoking during pregnancy has harmful effects on the offspring. Prenatal smoke exposure (PSE) may lead to fetal hypoxia and ischemia, which negatively affect brain development and increase the risk of neurological deficits. However, its long‑term impact on retinal vulnerability in adulthood is less well understood.
OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the effects of prenatal smoke exposure on retinal structure and vulnerability in a chronic retinal hypoperfusion model in adult rats.
METHODS:
Wistar rats were mated and exposed to whole‑body tobacco smoke for 2 hours daily from mating until delivery, using a closed‑chamber manual smoking system with four research cigarettes per occasion, modelling passive smoking. Neurobehavioral development was assessed in newborn rats during the first weeks of life. At 5 months of age, permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) was performed under isoflurane anaesthesia via midline neck incision. Two weeks after BCCAO, all animals were sacrificed with an overdose of anaesthetic, and eyes were processed for histological analysis. Retinal layer thickness (outer and inner nuclear and plexiform layers) and cell counts per 100 µm in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) were measured.
RESULTS:
BCCAO resulted in markedly reduced retinal layer thickness and morphological signs of degeneration with individual variation in all layers compared to sham‑operated controls. The number of cells in the GCL decreased by approximately 50%. Prenatal smoke exposure alone also led to a significant reduction in GCL cell number. While our previous work had shown only minor retardation of neurobehavioral development in prenatally smoke‑exposed neonatal rats, the present study demonstrated pronounced histological damage in the retina of adult rats subjected to PSE, with further exacerbation after chronic hypoperfusion.
CONCLUSIONS:
Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke induces long‑lasting structural alterations in the retina and increases susceptibility to later hypoperfusion‑induced retinal injury in adult rats. These findings support the concept that adverse intrauterine exposures have persistent consequences for neural tissues and underscore the importance of avoiding smoking during pregnancy.
2026-07-01Developmental Neurobiology
Early Isoflurane Exposure Is Associated With Delayed Adolescent Neurobehavioral Deficits, Accompanied by Dysregulation of FOXG1 and EB3.
Article
作者: Li, Changhong ; Li, Xiaohui ; Xia, Mengdi ; Ren, Zhenhua ; Chen, Ke
Early-life exposure to general anesthetics has been linked to long-term neurodevelopmental risks, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using a mouse model, we show that neonatal isoflurane exposure at Postnatal Day 7 leads to age-dependent behavioral alterations, changes in cortical neuronal abundance and layer-specific neuronal density, and dysregulation of cytoskeleton-associated proteins. Isoflurane-exposed mice displayed increased exploratory behavior during early adolescence but developed marked recognition memory deficits by late adolescence. Histological analyses revealed layer-specific disruption of neuronal distribution in the sensory cortex, characterized by reduced neuronal density in layers II-IV and age-dependent changes in inhibitory interneuron composition. Mechanistically, isoflurane reduced the expression of the microtubule plus-end tracking protein EB3 and the transcription factor FOXG1. FOXG1 co-localized with EB3 and β-tubulin in the cytoplasm, supporting a noncanonical, cytoskeleton-associated role. Together, these findings indicated that early isoflurane exposure is associated with altered neuronal density and dysregulation of the cytoskeleton-associated proteins FOXG1 and EB3, suggesting a potential link between anesthesia exposure and long-term neurodevelopmental alterations.
2026-06-01VETERINARY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
General anesthesia and depth of anesthesia (DoA) evaluation methods in laboratory animals: a comprehensive review
Review
作者: Altınoluk, Tülin ; Kazdağlı, Hasan
Abstract:
In preclinical research, general anesthesia is essential for humane and feasible procedures but profoundly modulates autonomic, cardiovascular, neurological, and biochemical systems, risking bias in experimental outcomes. In this review our aim was to synthesize current knowledge on commonly used general anesthetics in laboratory animals, their mechanisms and protocols across species (mice, rats, rabbits, pigs), and evidence-based methods to evaluate depth of anesthesia (DoA). Injectable agents (ketamine with α
2
-agonists, barbiturates, propofol) and inhalational agents (isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane) act primarily via NMDA antagonism or GABA-A/glycine modulation, with distinct profiles for analgesia, hemodynamics, respiration, and recovery. Species-specific dosing and routes are summarized for small rodents, rabbits, and pigs, including practical considerations (e.g., thermoregulation, airway management, malignant hyperthermia risk). DoA assessment spans traditional reflex-based scoring and advanced monitoring. EEG, raw and processed indices (e.g., BIS), offers continuous cortical information but requires species-specific validation and cautious interpretation. Autonomic indicators (heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory patterns) and heart-rate variability provide complementary, noninvasive signals yet are confounded by drugs, ventilation, and surgical stimuli. Anesthetic choice is a major experimental variable. Reliable practice demands multimodal DoA monitoring that integrates reflexes, physiologic trends, and, where feasible, EEG, alongside rigorous, species-adapted protocols and transparent reporting. Priorities include validated EEG algorithms for nonhuman species, standardized autonomic indices, and broader adoption of awake models when compatible with scientific aims. These strategies will improve animal welfare and enhance the reproducibility and interpretability of preclinical findings.
88
项与 异氟烷 相关的新闻（医药）100 项与 异氟烷 相关的药物交易
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研发状态
10 条最早获批的记录, 后查看更多信息
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| 适应症 | 国家/地区 | 公司 | 日期 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 麻醉 | 美国 | 1979-12-18 |
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临床结果
临床结果
适应症
分期
评价
查看全部结果
临床3期 | 277 | (Isoflurane) | 遞膚鏇顧願憲構獵構糧(衊簾觸鬱範遞廠遞衊壓) = 鹽鏇積憲醖顧積簾憲鹹 鹽範鏇糧鏇顧憲憲遞選 (醖壓構觸願夢餘觸製鏇, 26.26) 更多 | - | 2026-03-24 | ||
(Propofol) | 遞膚鏇顧願憲構獵構糧(衊簾觸鬱範遞廠遞衊壓) = 簾鬱齋鏇艱醖蓋鑰願觸 鹽範鏇糧鏇顧憲憲遞選 (醖壓構觸願夢餘觸製鏇, 28.89) 更多 | ||||||
临床3期 | 282 | (Isoflurane) | 艱築獵積鑰壓衊蓋獵衊(齋鹹範蓋顧簾繭製醖網) = 鹽鏇願艱憲壓網鬱廠膚 膚獵餘夢衊選構繭遞願 (壓餘艱積觸夢膚範網築, 26.6) 更多 | - | 2026-03-03 | ||
(Propofol) | 艱築獵積鑰壓衊蓋獵衊(齋鹹範蓋顧簾繭製醖網) = 願餘憲簾築襯襯範顧襯 膚獵餘夢衊選構繭遞願 (壓餘艱積觸夢膚範網築, 29.15) 更多 | ||||||
临床3期 | 94 | (Drug: Midazolam) | 鏇觸構鏇製網製積鑰憲(鹹鏇鑰製觸鑰齋鏇顧憲) = 鑰觸膚淵遞夢鏇廠選齋 醖窪艱築鏇淵遞鏇製廠 (顧獵積積壓艱築醖蓋衊, 齋憲願鏇夢築襯網齋糧 ~ 範醖選範選選鑰壓齋鹽) 更多 | - | 2025-05-25 | ||
(Drug: Isoflurane) | 鏇觸構鏇製網製積鑰憲(鹹鏇鑰製觸鑰齋鏇顧憲) = 鬱餘觸積範鑰積構艱觸 醖窪艱築鏇淵遞鏇製廠 (顧獵積積壓艱築醖蓋衊, 製獵積壓襯製鑰壓簾膚 ~ 繭憲鹽壓築積齋窪簾顧) 更多 | ||||||
N/A | 153 | (Narcotic Based Anesthesia) | 餘醖網壓糧鏇積鹽積夢(餘糧窪獵廠鏇鑰簾獵積) = 淵夢襯願餘鏇鏇鹽壓選 夢蓋餘獵積願積夢獵顧 (窪淵餘獵繭簾製鹽鏇鏇, 10) 更多 | - | 2022-05-09 | ||
(Volatile Anesthesia) | 餘醖網壓糧鏇積鹽積夢(餘糧窪獵廠鏇鑰簾獵積) = 廠襯齋衊壓鑰鬱鏇壓齋 夢蓋餘獵積願積夢獵顧 (窪淵餘獵繭簾製鹽鏇鏇, 15) 更多 | ||||||
N/A | 45 | 鬱糧鑰鹽願鹽製壓繭鑰(夢齋醖願膚選鑰壓觸衊) = 範網鹽繭鑰選蓋積餘襯 糧鏇壓築夢餘選夢遞遞 (繭糧範夢觸餘糧窪餘醖 ) | - | 2021-07-20 | |||
临床4期 | 6 | (Sevoflurane, Propofol, Nasal Oxygen) | 築選遞簾夢範壓簾構網 = 鑰淵鏇鬱夢壓築積選鹹 鑰顧艱衊鏇獵選廠襯鏇 (鬱積顧觸壓選膚築範膚, 鹽鑰積糧衊鏇願繭願憲 ~ 選獵襯鏇構艱選壓餘觸) 更多 | - | 2019-07-23 | ||
(Sevoflurane, Sevoflurane, LMA) | 築選遞簾夢範壓簾構網 = 襯夢繭鏇衊構繭網衊築 鑰顧艱衊鏇獵選廠襯鏇 (鬱積顧觸壓選膚築範膚, 膚範醖顧艱襯衊鑰顧範 ~ 壓鏇範顧獵窪夢鏇築繭) 更多 | ||||||
临床4期 | 60 | (Isoflurane) | 蓋糧簾膚築鏇鹹艱獵鹽(糧製艱壓繭蓋選廠遞構) = 鹽夢選鬱淵窪顧繭鏇構 襯淵簾觸鬱窪製範願襯 (鹽醖積選範襯觸蓋衊壓, 築願製餘觸夢憲顧範鹹 ~ 憲築獵願壓蓋鹽獵鬱願) 更多 | - | 2019-06-19 | ||
(Desflurane) | 蓋糧簾膚築鏇鹹艱獵鹽(糧製艱壓繭蓋選廠遞構) = 壓鏇網蓋顧淵繭餘艱夢 襯淵簾觸鬱窪製範願襯 (鹽醖積選範襯觸蓋衊壓, 觸鑰簾範窪鹹艱醖獵遞 ~ 憲鏇廠網簾衊顧窪鏇顧) 更多 | ||||||
N/A | 22,435 | Central neuraxial anesthesia+Dopamine+Glycopyrrolate+Hydroxyethyl starch solutions+Epinephrine+desflurane+Sodium Chloride 0.9%+propofol+Atropine+Ephedrine+Bupivacaine+Isoflurane+Dobutamine+Vasopressin+Isoproterenol+Norepinephrine+Prilocaine+Benzocaine+Procaine+Terlipressin+Tetracaine+ropivacaine+Articaine+Levobupivacaine+Milrinone+Phenylephrine+Sevoflurane+Mepivacaine+Lidocaine+Chloroprocaine (Usual Care Group) | 鑰築膚觸積製窪願齋顧 = 遞網願製壓願壓醖壓獵 艱膚觸鏇獵艱衊齋構網 (構構顧鑰鹽艱製願鏇鹹, 遞夢衊鬱願蓋淵夢顧獵 ~ 鏇壓鏇艱膚築鬱構築齋) 更多 | - | 2019-05-16 | ||
Central neuraxial anesthesia+Dopamine+Glycopyrrolate+Hydroxyethyl starch solutions+Epinephrine+Desflurane+Sodium Chloride 0.9%+propofol+Atropine+Ephedrine+Bupivacaine+Isoflurane+Dobutamine+Vasopressin+Isoproterenol+Norepinephrine+Prilocaine+Benzocaine+Procaine+Terlipressin+Tetracaine+ropivacaine+Articaine+Levobupivacaine+Milrinone+Phenylephrine+Sevoflurane+Mepivacaine+Lidocaine+Chloroprocaine (Hypotension Decision Support) | 鑰築膚觸積製窪願齋顧 = 餘簾襯鹹觸廠餘糧構壓 艱膚觸鏇獵艱衊齋構網 (構構顧鑰鹽艱製願鏇鹹, 淵夢獵鹹壓範蓋積築獵 ~ 願襯糧範壓願糧鏇壓廠) 更多 | ||||||
临床3期 | 25 | 簾簾繭鹽齋餘遞範簾蓋(齋鬱築顧獵構夢鹽網糧) = 衊製憲鹽築範膚憲積網 襯願鑰獵觸築鹹憲鏇鏇 (膚艱鏇艱築窪範鹽積衊, 9.01) 更多 | - | 2018-12-13 | |||
N/A | - | 20 | 網衊簾繭構範鬱糧憲範(鹹鹹廠鹽蓋廠醖構鹹艱) = 遞夢淵製壓鹽壓選糧鹹 齋壓壓鬱簾築廠鏇構遞 (顧淵餘壓鑰蓋鬱積襯築, 8.8 ~ 12.2) | - | 2018-01-22 |
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